How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 728

ISBN-13:

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.


Global Biomass Burning

Global Biomass Burning

Author: Joel S. Levine

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1991

Total Pages: 612

ISBN-13: 9780262121590

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This comprehensive volume is the first to consider biomass burning as a global phenomenon and to assess its impact on the atmosphere, on climate, and on the biosphere itself.


Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes

Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2018-05-18

Total Pages: 775

ISBN-13: 030946837X

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Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.


The Child's Conception of the World

The Child's Conception of the World

Author: Jean Piaget

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 460

ISBN-13: 9780742559516

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Nineteenth-century developmental psychologist Jean Piaget examines the child's notions of reality and causality at various stages of development.


Child's Conception of the World

Child's Conception of the World

Author: Jean Piaget

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-07-04

Total Pages: 412

ISBN-13: 1136220232

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First published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.


Look at the Weather

Look at the Weather

Author: Britta Teckentrup

Publisher: Owlkids

Published: 2018-04-15

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13: 9781771472869

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A meditative, immersive take on the weather around us