Modality in Kazakh as Spoken in China
Modality in Kazakh as Spoken in China

Author: Aynur Abish

Publisher: Harrassowitz

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783447106269

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This is a comprehensive study on modality in one of the largest Turkic languages, Kazakh, as it is spoken in China. Kazakh is the official language of the Republic of Kazakhstan and is furthermore spoken by about one and a half million people in China in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and in Aksai Kazakh Autonomous County in the Gansu Province. The method employed is empirical, i.e. data-oriented. Modal expressions in Kazakh are analyzed in a theoretical framework essentially based on the works of Lars Johanson in which semantic notions of modality are defined from a functional and typological perspective. The modal categories volition, deontic and epistemic evaluation express attitudes towards the propositional content and are conveyed in Kazakh by grammaticalized moods, particles and lexical devices, treated in detail in this book. Plenty of examples of their different usages are provided with interlinear annotation. The Kazakh expressions are compared with corresponding ones used in other Turkic languages. Contact influences of Uyghur and Chinese are also dealt with. The Appendix contains nine texts recorded by Aynur Abish in 2010-2012, mostly in the northern regions of Xinjiang.

China’s Regional Relations in Comparative Perspective
China’s Regional Relations in Comparative Perspective

Author: Steven F. Jackson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-02-06

Total Pages: 287

ISBN-13: 1317167376

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China’s relations with its neighbors have evolved since 1949, and in the 21st century many scholars argue that China’s rising power has led it to be increasingly domineering over those smaller countries in Northeast, Southeast, Central, and South Asia. The evolution of China’s regional relations needs to be examined comprehensively, since China counts twenty-seven countries as its "neighbors" large and small. While China’s official policy toward all of these countries is to treat them as "good neighbors" and "partners," some of these relationships have been spectacularly deteriorating, while others have been quietly improving over the last two decades. Jackson takes a comparative foreign policy approach, and compares China’s status as a regional hegemon with the United States, Russia, India, Brazil, South Africa and Nigeria. The result is a broader theory as to why regional powers are sometimes intimidating and at other times accommodating. An important contribution to studies on China, this book will prove useful to scholars and students in Chinese and Asian foreign policy, comparative foreign policy, and international relations.

Ambiguous Verb Sequences in Transeurasian Languages and Beyond
Ambiguous Verb Sequences in Transeurasian Languages and Beyond

Author: Éva Ágnes Csató

Publisher: Harrassowitz

Published: 2020-02-12

Total Pages: 342

ISBN-13: 9783447113700

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Some sequences of verbs can display systematic ambiguities in meaning. Accent patterns are among the means for disambiguating them. The study based on presentations given at the 19th International Conference on Turkish Linguistics (ICTL), held August 17-19, 2018, at Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, which was the first conference of this kind in Central Asia presents a comprehensive analysis of ambiguous verb sequences and ways of teasing them apart, an issue that has never before been addressed in the typological literature. It consists of seventeen contributions focusing on data from the Transeurasian languages Turkic, Japanese and Korean, and a Tungusic variety. The studies demonstrate strong typological similarities between these languages. The introductory chapter succinctly presents Lars Johanson's theoretical framework and terminology, which are applied by the authors. Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald reviews verb sequences from a broad typological perspective. Martine Robbeets studies the coincidence of intraterminal and postterminal readings in certain converb constructions across the Transeurasian languages. Ten papers deal with Turkic varieties such as Turkish dialects, a Volga-Turkic variety of the 17th century, Kazakh, Yakut, Dolgan, Siberian Turkic, Noghay, Salar, and Uyghur. Complex predicates are analyzed in an endangered Tungusic variety, Uilta (Orok). One chapter deals with Korean, and another with Fukuoka Japanese. The final contribution, on Ladakhi (a Tibetic language), demonstrates the broader areal distribution of ambiguous verb sequences.

Interpreting China's Grand Strategy
Interpreting China's Grand Strategy

Author: Michael D. Swaine

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2000-03-22

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 0833048309

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China's continuing rapid economic growth and expanding involvement in global affairs pose major implications for the power structure of the international system. To more accurately and fully assess the significance of China's emergence for the United States and the global community, it is necessary to gain a more complete understanding of Chinese security thought and behavior. This study addresses such questions as: What are China's most fundamental national security objectives? How has the Chinese state employed force and diplomacy in the pursuit of these objectives over the centuries? What security strategy does China pursue today and how will it evolve in the future? The study asserts that Chinese history, the behavior of earlier rising powers, and the basic structure and logic of international power relations all suggest that, although a strong China will likely become more assertive globally, this possibility is unlikely to emerge before 2015-2020 at the earliest. To handle this situation, the study argues that the United States should adopt a policy of realistic engagement with China that combines efforts to pursue cooperation whenever possible; to prevent, if necessary, the acquisition by China of capabilities that would threaten America's core national security interests; and to remain prepared to cope with the consequences of a more assertive China.

China’s Grand Strategy
China’s Grand Strategy

Author: Andrew Scobell

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2020-07-27

Total Pages: 155

ISBN-13: 1977404200

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To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.

China's Strategic Support Force
China's Strategic Support Force

Author: John Costello

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2018-10-11

Total Pages: 84

ISBN-13: 9781727834604

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In late 2015, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) initiated reforms that have brought dramatic changes to its structure, model of warfighting, and organizational culture, including the creation of a Strategic Support Force (SSF) that centralizes most PLA space, cyber, electronic, and psychological warfare capabilities. The reforms come at an inflection point as the PLA seeks to pivot from land-based territorial defense to extended power projection to protect Chinese interests in the "strategic frontiers" of space, cyberspace, and the far seas. Understanding the new strategic roles of the SSF is essential to understanding how the PLA plans to fight and win informationized wars and how it will conduct information operations.

China's Belt and Road: A Game Changer?
China's Belt and Road: A Game Changer?

Author: Alessia Amighini (a cura di)

Publisher: Edizioni Epoké

Published: 2017-07-11

Total Pages: 110

ISBN-13: 8899647631

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Officially announced by Xi Jinping in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has since become the centrepiece of China’s economic diplomacy. It is a commitment to ease bottlenecks to Eurasian trade by improving and building networks of connectivity across Central and Western Asia, where the BRI aims to act as a bond for the projects of regional cooperation and integration already in progress in Southern Asia. But it also reaches out to the Middle East as well as East and North Africa, a truly strategic area where the Belt joins the Road. Europe, the end-point of the New Silk Roads, both by land and by sea, is the ultimate geographic destination and political partner in the BRI. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the BRI, its logic, rationale and implications for international economic and political relations.