Big Business in China
Big Business in China

Author: Sherman Cochran

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 1980

Total Pages: 358

ISBN-13: 9780674072626

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This is the first major study in Chinese business history based largely on business's own records. It focuses on the battle for the cigarette market in early twentieth-century China between the British-American Tobacco Company, based in New York and London, and its leading Chinese rival, Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company, whose headquarters were in Hong Kong and Shanghai. From its founding in 1902, the British-American Tobacco Company maintained a lucrative monopoly of the market until 1915, when Nanyang entered China and extended tis operations into the country's major markets despite the use of aggressive tactics against it. Both companies grew rapidly during the 1920s, and competition between them reached its peak, but by 1930 Nanyang weakened, bringing an end to serious commercial rivalry. Though less competitive, both companies continued to trade in China until their Sino-foreign rivalry ended altogether with the founding of the People's Republic in 1949. Debate over international commercial rivalries has often been conducted broadly in terms of imperialist exploitation and economic nationalism. This study shows the usefulness and limitations of these terms for historical purposes and contributes to the separate but related debate over the significance of entrepreneurial innovation in Chinese economic history. By analyzing the foreign Chinese companies' business practices and by describing their involvement in diplomatic incidents, boycotts, strikes, student protests, relations with peasant tobacco growers, dealings with the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party, and a host of other activities, the author brings to light the roles that big businesses played not only in China's economy but also in its politics, society, and foreign affairs.

Encountering Chinese Networks
Encountering Chinese Networks

Author: Sherman Cochran

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 9780520921894

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The text studies how various Western, Japanese, and Chinese businesses struggled with the persistent dilemma in China of how to retain control over corporate hierachies while adapting to dramatic changes in Chinese society, politics and foreign affairs from 1880-1937.

The History of Weed
The History of Weed

Author: Harper B. Caldwell

Publisher: Xspurts.com

Published: 2023-07-05

Total Pages: 178

ISBN-13: 199109325X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

"Weed has been a part of human culture for thousands of years." The History of Weed is a comprehensive exploration of the fascinating journey of marijuana use throughout human history. From ancient prehistory to the modern era, this book takes readers on a cultural journey of cannabis, examining its use in various civilizations and cultures worldwide. The book begins with an introduction, providing readers with an overview of what weed is and why studying its history is important. It then delves into the ancient use of weed, exploring its role in prehistoric cultures, ancient civilizations, and traditional medicine. The Middle Ages and the Age of Exploration are also examined, with a focus on weed's use in Islamic Golden Age, medieval Europe, traditional Chinese medicine, and its impact on colonialism. The book then moves on to the 19th century and beyond, exploring the role of weed in the United States and Europe, as well as its impact on the Industrial Revolution, Prohibition, Counterculture, and Medical Marijuana. In the 21st century, the book explores the impact of weed on legalization, technology, and social justice. The book also examines the role of weed in religion, literature, music, and art, and its intersection with science and the environment. The History of Weed is a must-read for anyone interested in the cultural, historical, and social impact of marijuana use throughout human history. Whether you are a scholar, a historian, or simply someone with a fascination for the subject, this book will provide valuable insights and knowledge about the past, present, and future of weed.Table of Contents: Introduction What is Weed? Why Study the History of Weed? Ancient Use of Weed Weed in Prehistory Weed in Ancient Cultures Weed in Traditional Medicine Weed in the Middle Ages Weed in the Islamic Golden Age Weed in Medieval Europe Weed in Traditional Chinese Medicine Weed in the Age of Exploration Weed in the New World Weed in the Old World Weed and Colonialism Weed in the 19th Century Weed in the United States Weed in Europe Weed and the Industrial Revolution Weed in the 20th Century Weed and Prohibition Weed and Counterculture Weed and Medical Marijuana Weed in the 21st Century Weed and Legalization Weed and Technology Weed and Social Justice Weed and Religion Weed in Ancient Religious Practices Weed in Modern Religious Practices The Intersection of Weed and Spirituality Weed and Literature Weed in Literature Throughout History Weed as a Source of Inspiration for Writers Weed as a Literary Symbol Weed and Music Weed in Music Throughout History Weed as a Source of Inspiration for Musicians Weed as a Cultural Phenomenon in Music Weed and Art Weed in Art Throughout History Weed as a Source of Inspiration for Artists Weed as a Cultural Phenomenon in Art Weed and Science The Science of Cannabis Throughout History Cannabis Research and Development The Future of Cannabis Science Weed and the Environment The Environmental Impact of Cannabis Cultivation Throughout History Sustainable Cannabis Cultivation Weed and Climate Change The Future of Weed Lessons from the History of Weed.ISBN: 9781991093257

America's China Trade in Historical Perspective
America's China Trade in Historical Perspective

Author: Ernest R. May

Publisher: Harvard Univ Asia Center

Published: 1986

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 9780674030756

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This volume explores commercial relations between the United States and China from the eighteenth century until 1949, fleshing out with facts the romantic and shadowy image of "the China trade." These nine chapters by specialists in the field have developed from papers they presented at a conference supported by the national Committee on American-East Asian Relations. The work begins with an Introduction by John K. Fairbank, then moves on to analysis of the old China trade up to the American Civil War, centering on traditional Chinese exports of tea and silk. A second section deals with American imports into China--cotton textiles and textile-related goods, cigarettes, kerosene. Finally, the impact of the trade on both countries is assessed and the operations of American-owned and multinational companies in China are examined. For both the United States and China, the economic importance of the trade proves to have been less than the legend might suggest.

The Global Cigarette
The Global Cigarette

Author: Howard Cox

Publisher:

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 464

ISBN-13: 9780198292210

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

'It is researched in great detail and well illustrated; the photos of the Indian and Chinese markets are fascinating' -Social History of Medicine'Of particular interest is the book's detailed study of the role of BAT in the Indian and Chinese markets in the early part of the twentieth century' -Social History of Medicine'Extremely well-researched, well-written, and sobering account... the book is excellent and will appeal to a wide audience' -Business History Review'Authoritative account... many interesting details... some splendid photographs' -Times Literary SupplementThe Global Cigarette provides the first authoritative account of The British American Tobacco Company's evolution and growth up until the Second World War. Based on archive materials from a wide variety of sources, including the company's own records, the book shows the way in which the company developed a vast array of international operating subsidiaries, explores how it managed these enterprises in different political and cultural contexts - notably in China and India - and analyses the way in which the company, as a mature multinational enterprise, coped with the severe international economic dislocations of the 1930s.

Cigarettes, Inc.
Cigarettes, Inc.

Author: Nan Enstad

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2018-12-10

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 022653345X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Traditional narratives of capitalist change often rely on the myth of the willful entrepreneur from the global North who transforms the economy and delivers modernity—for good or ill—to the rest of the world. With Cigarettes, Inc., Nan Enstad upends this story, revealing the myriad cross-cultural encounters that produced corporate life before World War II. In this startling account of innovation and expansion, Enstad uncovers a corporate network rooted in Jim Crow segregation that stretched between the United States and China and beyond. Cigarettes, Inc. teems with a global cast—from Egyptian, American, and Chinese entrepreneurs to a multiracial set of farmers, merchants, factory workers, marketers, and even baseball players, jazz musicians, and sex workers. Through their stories, Cigarettes, Inc. accounts for the cigarette’s spectacular rise in popularity and in the process offers nothing less than a sweeping reinterpretation of corporate power itself.

Laurits Andersen - China Hand, Entrepreneur, Patron
Laurits Andersen - China Hand, Entrepreneur, Patron

Author: Peter Harmsen

Publisher: Lindhardt og Ringhof

Published: 2020-06-10

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 8711985275

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Laurits Andersen was a Danish tobacco entrepreneur and prominent businessman in China from the 1880s until his death in 1928. He was the manager of the American trading firm Mustard & Co. in Shanghai, introducing machine-produced cigarettes to the Chinese market in the late 1800s, at a time when cigarettes were gaining enormous popularity elsewhere in the world. He attained late fame in his native Denmark when shortly before his death he donated a large sum of money to the National Museum, which he had visited frequently as a boy. Laurits Andersen was born in a small village near Elsinore, Denmark, in 1849, and grew up in Copenhagen where he worked as an apprentice at a machine works. From 1870, he lived in East Asia, experiencing wars and revolutions and forming close bonds with the political elite in Imperial China. Laurits Andersen is a role model for later generations, displaying the courage to seek ones fortunes overseas, and showing that with drive, diligence, and willpower, and a preparedness to venture down untrodden paths, one can achieve ambitious goals.