An up-to-date collection of tutorial papers on the latest advances in the deposition and growth of thin films for micro and nano technologies. The emphasis is on fundamental aspects, principles and applications of deposition techniques used for the fabrication of micro and nano devices. The deposition of thin films is described, emphasising the gas phase and surface chemistry and its effects on the growth rates and properties of films. Gas-phase phenomena, surface chemistry, growth mechanisms and the modelling of deposition processes are thoroughly described and discussed to provide a clear understanding of the growth of thin films and microstructures via thermally activated, laser induced, photon assisted, ion beam assisted, and plasma enhanced vapour deposition processes. A handbook for engineers and scientists and an introduction for students of microelectronics.
Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Solid State Synthetic Methods cover recent advances made in the field of solid-state materials synthesis and its various applications. The book provides a brief introduction to the topic and the fundamental principles governing the various methods. Sustainable techniques and green processes development in solid-state chemistry are also highlighted. This book also provides a comprehensive literature on the industrial application using solid-state materials and solid-state devices. Overall, this book is intended to explore green solid-state techniques, eco-friendly materials involved in organic synthesis and real-time applications. - Provides a broad overview of solid-state chemistry - Outlines an eco-friendly solid-state synthesis of modern nanomaterials, organometallic, coordination compounds and pure organic - Gives a detailed account of solid-state chemistry, fundamentals, concepts, techniques and applications - Deliberates cutting-edge recent advances in industrial technologies involved in energy, environmental, medicinal and organic chemistry fields
The method of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) is a versatile technique to fabricate high-quality thin films and structured surfaces in the nanometer regime from the vapor phase. Already widely used for the deposition of inorganic materials in the semiconductor industry, CVD has become the method of choice in many applications to process polymers as well. This highly scalable technique allows for synthesizing high-purity, defect-free films and for systematically tuning their chemical, mechanical and physical properties. In addition, vapor phase processing is critical for the deposition of insoluble materials including fluoropolymers, electrically conductive polymers, and highly crosslinked organic networks. Furthermore, CVD enables the coating of substrates which would otherwise dissolve or swell upon exposure to solvents. The scope of the book encompasses CVD polymerization processes which directly translate the chemical mechanisms of traditional polymer synthesis and organic synthesis in homogeneous liquids into heterogeneous processes for the modification of solid surfaces. The book is structured into four parts, complemented by an introductory overview of the diverse process strategies for CVD of polymeric materials. The first part on the fundamentals of CVD polymers is followed by a detailed coverage of the materials chemistry of CVD polymers, including the main synthesis mechanisms and the resultant classes of materials. The third part focuses on the applications of these materials such as membrane modification and device fabrication. The final part discusses the potential for scale-up and commercialization of CVD polymers.
Medical Coatings and Deposition Technologies is an important new addition to the libraries of medical device designers and manufacturers. Coatings enable the properties of the surface of a device to be controlled independently from the underlying bulk properties; they are often critical to the performance of the device and their use is rapidly growing. This book provides an introduction to many of the most important types of coatings used on modern medical devices as well as descriptions of the techniques by which they are applied and methods for testing their efficacy. Developers of new medical devices and those responsible for producing them will find it an important reference when deciding if a particular functionality can be provided by a coating and what limitations may apply in a given application. Written as a practical guide and containing many specific coating examples and a large number of references for further reading, the book will also be useful to students in materials science & engineering with an interest in medical devices. Chapters on antimicrobial coatings as well as coatings for biocompatibility, drug delivery, radiopacity and hardness are supported by chapters describing key liquid coating processes, plasma-based processes and chemical vapor deposition. Many types of coatings can be applied by more than one technique and the reader will learn the tradeoffs given the relevant design, manufacturing and economic constraints. The chapter on regulatory considerations provides important perspectives regarding the marketing of these coatings and medical devices.
Diamond-like carbons (DLCs) display a number of attractive properties that make them versatile coating materials for a variety of applications, including extremely high hardness values, very low friction properties, very low gas permeability, good biocompatibility, and very high electrical resistivity, among others. Further research into this material is required to produce hydrogen-free DLC films and to synthesize it together with other materials, thereby obtaining better film properties. Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings: Technologies and Applications examines emerging manufacturing technologies for DLCs with the aim of improving their properties for use in practical applications. Discusses DLC coatings used in mechanical, manufacturing, and medical applications Details recent developments in the novel synthesis of DLC films Covers advances in understanding of chemical, structural, physical, mechanical, and tribological properties for modern material processing Highlights methods to yield longer service life Considers prospects for future applications of emerging DLC technologies This work is aimed at materials science and engineering researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals.
This book is a practical guide to optical, optoelectronic, and semiconductor materials and provides an overview of the topic from its fundamentals to cutting-edge processing routes to groundbreaking technologies for the most recent applications. The book details the characterization and properties of these materials. Chemical methods of synthesis are emphasized by the authors throughout the publication. Describes new materials and updates to older materials that exhibit optical, optoelectronic and semiconductor behaviors; Covers the structural and mechanical aspects of the optical, optoelectronic and semiconductor materials for meeting mechanical property and safety requirements; Includes discussion of the environmental and sustainability issues regarding optical, optoelectronic, and semiconductor materials, from processing to recycling.
Volume IIIA Basic TechniquesHandbook of Crystal Growth, Second Edition Volume IIIA (Basic Techniques), edited by chemical and biological engineering expert Thomas F. Kuech, presents the underpinning science and technology associated with epitaxial growth as well as highlighting many of the chief and burgeoning areas for epitaxial growth. Volume IIIA focuses on major growth techniques which are used both in the scientific investigation of crystal growth processes and commercial development of advanced epitaxial structures. Techniques based on vacuum deposition, vapor phase epitaxy, and liquid and solid phase epitaxy are presented along with new techniques for the development of three-dimensional nano-and micro-structures.Volume IIIB Materials, Processes, and TechnologyHandbook of Crystal Growth, Second Edition Volume IIIB (Materials, Processes, and Technology), edited by chemical and biological engineering expert Thomas F. Kuech, describes both specific techniques for epitaxial growth as well as an array of materials-specific growth processes. The volume begins by presenting variations on epitaxial growth process where the kinetic processes are used to develop new types of materials at low temperatures. Optical and physical characterizations of epitaxial films are discussed for both in situ and exit to characterization of epitaxial materials. The remainder of the volume presents both the epitaxial growth processes associated with key technology materials as well as unique structures such as monolayer and two dimensional materials.Volume IIIA Basic Techniques - Provides an introduction to the chief epitaxial growth processes and the underpinning scientific concepts used to understand and develop new processes. - Presents new techniques and technologies for the development of three-dimensional structures such as quantum dots, nano-wires, rods and patterned growth - Introduces and utilizes basic concepts of thermodynamics, transport, and a wide cross-section of kinetic processes which form the atomic level text of growth process Volume IIIB Materials, Processes, and Technology - Describes atomic level epitaxial deposition and other low temperature growth techniques - Presents both the development of thermal and lattice mismatched streams as the techniques used to characterize the structural properties of these materials - Presents in-depth discussion of the epitaxial growth techniques associated with silicone silicone-based materials, compound semiconductors, semiconducting nitrides, and refractory materials
Most of the pipelines used for the transport of various fluids are susceptible to the formation of biofilms, and the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms in pipelines leads to biodeterioration and increases the maintenance cost of the pipelines. This book focuses on nanostructured polymetallic coatings for corrosion and biofouling protection in offshore oil and gas pipelines, marine pipelines, ship structures and port facilities, and corrosion resistance surfaces of several engineered structures. Considering various reasons of biofouling in pipelines that transport crude and refined petroleum, gas, biofuels, and other fluids including sewage, slurry, and water for drinking or irrigation, the underlying mechanism is thoroughly explained. A comparison of various protective techniques is also highlighted for the choice of methods for specific applications. Features: Provides information on biofouling control with broad significance and applicability in various industrial and research areas. Discusses microbially induced corrosion on biofuel transporting pipelines. Includes data from experiments conducted to overcome biofouling and biocorrosion. Gives out particular attention to metallic coatings and environmental considerations. Explores novel technologies preventing biofouling on metallic and polymeric substrates. This book is for researchers and graduate students in Coatings and Paints, Microbiology, Bioprocess Engineering, Biotechnology, Industrial Engineering, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Marine Engineering, Surface and Corrosion Engineering, and Water and Wastewater Treatment.
