Chemical, Physical and Temporal Evolution of Magmatic Systems
Chemical, Physical and Temporal Evolution of Magmatic Systems

Author: L. Caricchi

Publisher: Geological Society of London

Published: 2015-11-06

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 1862397325

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Our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that regulate the evolution of magmatic systems has improved tremendously since the foundations were laid down 100 years ago by Bowen. The concept of crustal magma chambers has progressively evolved from molten-rock vats to thermally, chemically and physically heterogeneous reservoirs that are kept active by the periodic injection of magma. This new model, while more complex, provides a better framework to interpret volcanic activity and decipher the information contained in intrusive and extrusive rocks. Igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, and numerical modelling, all contributed towards this new picture of crustal magmatic systems. This book provides an overview of the wide range of approaches that can nowadays be used to understand the chemical, physical and temporal evolution of magmatic and volcanic systems.

Dynamic Magma Evolution
Dynamic Magma Evolution

Author: Francesco Vetere

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-01-07

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 1119521130

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Explores the complex physico-chemical processes involved in active volcanism and dynamic magmatism Understanding the magmatic processes responsible for the chemical and textural signatures of volcanic products and igneous rocks is crucial for monitoring, forecasting, and mitigating the impacts of volcanic activity. Dynamic Magma Evolution is a compilation of recent geochemical, petrological, physical, and thermodynamic studies. It combines field research, experimental results, theoretical approaches, unconventional and novel techniques, and computational modeling to present the latest developments in the field. Volume highlights include: Crystallization and degassing processes in magmatic environments Bubble and mineral nucleation and growth induced by cooling and decompression Kinetic processes during magma ascent to the surface Magma mixing, mingling, and recharge dynamics Geo-speedometer measurement of volcanic events Changes in magma rheology induced by mineral and volatile content The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Fluid Inclusion Studies
Fluid Inclusion Studies

Author: Guoxiang Chi

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2024-09-05

Total Pages: 428

ISBN-13: 0443156190

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Fluid inclusions are samples of paleo-fluids entrapped in minerals and can provide indispensable information about the compositions of the fluids, and the temperature and pressure conditions of the host mineral formation. The principles are well established and generally easy to understand; however, many researchers underestimate the complexities of the subject and make some common mistakes in data collection and interpretation. On the other hand, some researchers overestimate the difficulties and uncertainties in practice and tend to downplay the usefulness of fluid inclusions. Fluid Inclusion Studies aims to help readers overcome these problems by providing a comprehensive analysis of the foundational principles and demonstrating how these principles should be followed in practice, through examples of study methods and applications. This book is a powerful tool in the field of the Earth science. Fluid Inclusion Studies aims to provide a practical guide for beginners of fluid inclusion study and includes chapters that highlight the diverse applications of fluid inclusions in a wide variety of geologic settings and processes. - Includes down-to-earth discussions of common pitfalls in fluid inclusion studies allowing scientists to avoid mistakes in actual studies - Features a problem-oriented approach that makes it easy for scientists to pinpoint problems and solutions - Includes various applications of fluid inclusions, from mineral and oil–gas deposits, through magmatic–hydrothermal, sedimentary– diagenetic and metamorphic systems, structural analysis, to environmental studies

Crustal Magmatic System Evolution
Crustal Magmatic System Evolution

Author: Matteo Masotta

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-07-07

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13: 111956445X

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A comprehensive picture of the architecture of crustal magmatic systems The composition of igneous rocks – their minerals, melts, and fluids – reveals the physical and chemical conditions under which magmas form, evolve, interact, and move from the Earth’s mantle through the crust. These magma dynamics affect processes on the surface including crustal growth and eruptive behaviour of volcanoes. Crustal Magmatic System Evolution: Anatomy, Architecture, and Physico-Chemical Processes uses analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches to explore the diversity of crustal processes from magma differentiation and assimilation to eruption at the surface. Volume highlights include: Physical and chemical parameterization of crustal magmatic systems Experimental, theoretical and modelling approaches targeting crustal magmatic processes Timescales of crustal magmatic processes, including storage, recharge, and ascent through volcanic conduits The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book in a Q&A with the Editors.

Return to Volcano Town
Return to Volcano Town

Author: R. Wally Johnson

Publisher: ANU Press

Published: 2023-10-24

Total Pages: 428

ISBN-13: 1760466042

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Wally Johnson and Neville Threlfall re-examine the explosive volcanic eruptions that in 1937–43 killed more than 500 people in the Rabaul area of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. They reassess this disaster in light of the prodigious amount of new scientific and disaster-management work that has been undertaken there since about 1971, when strong tectonic earthquakes shook the area. Comparisons are made in particular with volcanic eruptions in 1994–2014, when half of Rabaul town was destroyed and then abandoned. A striking feature of historical eruptive periods at Rabaul is the near‑simultaneous activity at Vulcan and Tavurvur volcanoes, on either side of Rabaul Harbour. Such rare ‘twin’ eruptions are interpreted to be the result of a common magma reservoir beneath the harbour. This interpretation has implications for ongoing hazard and risk assessments and for volcano monitoring in the area.

Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing
Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2017-08-24

Total Pages: 135

ISBN-13: 0309454123

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Volcanic eruptions are common, with more than 50 volcanic eruptions in the United States alone in the past 31 years. These eruptions can have devastating economic and social consequences, even at great distances from the volcano. Fortunately many eruptions are preceded by unrest that can be detected using ground, airborne, and spaceborne instruments. Data from these instruments, combined with basic understanding of how volcanoes work, form the basis for forecasting eruptionsâ€"where, when, how big, how long, and the consequences. Accurate forecasts of the likelihood and magnitude of an eruption in a specified timeframe are rooted in a scientific understanding of the processes that govern the storage, ascent, and eruption of magma. Yet our understanding of volcanic systems is incomplete and biased by the limited number of volcanoes and eruption styles observed with advanced instrumentation. Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing identifies key science questions, research and observation priorities, and approaches for building a volcano science community capable of tackling them. This report presents goals for making major advances in volcano science.

Volcanic Unrest
Volcanic Unrest

Author: Joachim Gottsmann

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-12-18

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 331958412X

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This open access book summarizes the findings of the VUELCO project, a multi-disciplinary and cross-boundary research funded by the European Commission's 7th framework program. It comprises four broad topics: 1. The global significance of volcanic unrest 2. Geophysical and geochemical fingerprints of unrest and precursory activity 3. Magma dynamics leading to unrest phenomena 4. Bridging the gap between science and decision-making Volcanic unrest is a complex multi-hazard phenomenon. The fact that unrest may, or may not lead to an imminent eruption contributes significant uncertainty to short-term volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Although it is reasonable to assume that all eruptions are associated with precursory activity of some sort, the understanding of the causative links between subsurface processes, resulting unrest signals and imminent eruption is incomplete. When a volcano evolves from dormancy into a phase of unrest, important scientific, political and social questions need to be addressed. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers of volcanic phenomena, professionals in volcanic hazard and risk assessment, observatory personnel, as well as emergency managers who wish to learn about the complex nature of volcanic unrest and how to utilize new findings to deal with unrest phenomena at scientific and emergency managing levels. This book is open access under a CC BY license.

Magma-Rock and Magma-Mush Interactions as Fundamental Processes of Magmatic Differentiation
Magma-Rock and Magma-Mush Interactions as Fundamental Processes of Magmatic Differentiation

Author: Anastassia Borisova

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-08-08

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 2832552994

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During transport, a percolating melt or magma may contact rock or a magmatic mush, resulting in inevitable interactions that may be described as magma/melt-rock or magma/melt-mush interactions. Examples of these types of interactions include mantle metasomatism, mineral-melt reaction in the mantle, mineral dissolution in magma, crustal wallrock partial melting, and thermal remobilization of preexisting mushy magma (rejuvenation of mush) by intruding high specific enthalpy magma. This spectrum of processes plays a major role in the composition, thickness, and age of the mantle lithosphere and its associated crust. These interactions also impact the asthenosphere because melts that form in the deepest parts of the mantle may ascend and interact with shallower mantle during transport.