Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Vitamin E Addition to Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Using Equal Channel Angular Extrusion
Author: Alexander J. Engler
Publisher:
Published: 2012
Total Pages: 216
ISBN-13:
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Thermally Stimulated Luminescence Study of Vitamin-E Containing Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene(UHMWPE)
Author: Dereje Nigatu Abdi
Publisher:
Published: 2011
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKoxidation degradation of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) due to gamma-irradation has been a major concern in total hip and knee joint arthroplasty. Irradiation( gamma or electron beam) is used for sterilization or crosslinking of UHMWPE.However, in the past decade the use of the biocompatible stabilizer alpha-tocopherol (vitamin-E) has been introduced to reduce or eliminate radiation-induced oxidation of UHMWPE. While existing literature contains information about consolidated UHMWPE, we have studied UHMWPE powder, because it more readily and uniformly reacts with oxygen or air, in an attempt to gain more knowledge about the antioxidative effect of vitamin-E on UHMWPE. In conjunction with electron spin resonance (ESR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermally stimulated luminescence(TSL) techniques was employed in this study. TSL of gamma irradiated UHMWPE with or without vitamin E shows multiple glow peaks orignating from the species resulting from reaction of free radicals with oxygen following irradiation. Major peaks near 140, 210, and 240 oC are observed only in UHMWPE, whereas an additional strong peak near 180 oC is observed in vitamin-E containing UHMWPE.The glow peaks in UHMWPE without vitamin-E are weak when irradiation is performed in nitrogen; they subsequently start to grow as a function of aging in air, suggesting that these peaks( or luminescence at these temperatures) are produced by species formed after the reaction of oxygen with the free radicals. However, in the presence of vitamin E , these peaks are found to decrease in intensity as a function of aging. The antioxidation effect of of vitamin E is found to be more pronounced in the TSL data than in those obtained fromESR or FTIR measurements.
Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, Nanocomposites
Author: Vijay Kumar Thakur
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2017-04-06
Total Pages: 902
ISBN-13: 1119224462
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry. The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Volume 7 is solely focused on the "Nanocomposites: Science and Fundamentals" of renewable materials. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Preparation, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials from renewable resources; hydrogels and its nanocomposites from renewable resources: preparation of chitin-based nanocomposite materials through gelation with ionic liquid; starch-based bionanocomposites; biorenewable nanofiber and nanocrystal; investigation of wear characteristics of dental composite reinforced with rice husk-derived nanosilica filler particles; performance of regenerated cellulose/vermiculite nanocomposites fabricated via ionic liquid; preparation, structure, properties, and interactions of the PVA/cellulose composites; green composites with cellulose nanoreinforcements; biomass composites from bamboo-based micro/nanofibers; synthesis and medicinal properties of polycarbonates and resins from renewable sources; nanostructured polymer composites with modified carbon nanotubes; organic–inorganic nanocomposites derived from polysaccharides; natural polymer-based nanocomposites; cellulose whisker-based green polymer composites; poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites reinforced with different additives; nanocrystalline cellulose; halloysite-based bionanocomposites; nanostructurated composites based on biodegradable polymers and silver nanoparticles; starch-based biomaterials and nanocomposites; green nanocomposites based on PLA and natural organic fillers; and chitin and chitosan-based nanocomposites.
Polymer Colloids
Author: Rodney Priestley
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Published: 2019-12-02
Total Pages: 442
ISBN-13: 1788014170
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAcademic and industrial research around polymer-based colloids is huge, driven both by the development of mature technologies, e.g. latexes for coatings, as well as the advancement of new materials and applications, such as building blocks for 2D/3D structures and medicine. Edited by two world-renowned leaders in polymer science and engineering, this is a fundamental text for the field. Based on a specialised course by the editors, this book provides the reader with an invaluable single source of reference. The first section describes formation, explaining basic properties of emulsions and dispersion polymerization, microfluidic approaches to produce polymer-based colloids and formation via directed self-assembly. The next section details characterisation methodologies from microscopy and small angle scattering, to surface science and simulations. The final chapters close with applications, including Pickering emulsions and molecular engineering for materials development. A comprehensive guide to polymer colloids, with contributions by leaders in their respective areas, this book is a must-have for researchers and practitioners working across polymers, soft matter and chemical and molecular engineering.
Solid Lubrication Fundamentals and Applications
Author: Kazuhisa Miyoshi
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2019-06-05
Total Pages: 420
ISBN-13: 9781420027068
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSolid Lubrication Fundamentals and Applications description of the adhesion, friction, abrasion, and wear behavior of solid film lubricants and related tribological materials, including diamond and diamond-like solid films. The book details the properties of solid surfaces, clean surfaces, and contaminated surfaces as well as discussing the structu
Fennema's Food Chemistry
Author: Srinivasan Damodaran
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2017-05-25
Total Pages: 1107
ISBN-13: 148220813X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis latest edition of the most internationally respected reference in food chemistry for more than 30 years, Fennema’s Food Chemistry, 5th Edition once again meets and surpasses the standards of quality and comprehensive information set by its predecessors. All chapters reflect recent scientific advances and, where appropriate, have expanded and evolved their focus to provide readers with the current state-of-the-science of chemistry for the food industry. This edition introduces new editors and contributors who are recognized experts in their fields. The fifth edition presents a completely rewritten chapter on Water and Ice, written in an easy-to-understand manner suitable for professionals as well as undergraduates. In addition, ten former chapters have been completely revised and updated, two of which receive extensive attention in the new edition including Carbohydrates (Chapter 3), which has been expanded to include a section on Maillard reaction; and Dispersed Systems: Basic considerations (Chapter 7), which includes thermodynamic incompatibility/phase separation concepts. Retaining the straightforward organization and accessibility of the original, this edition begins with an examination of major food components such as water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes. The second section looks at minor food components including vitamins and minerals, colorants, flavors, and additives. The final section considers food systems by reviewing basic considerations as well as specific information on the characteristics of milk, the postmortem physiology of edible muscle, and postharvest physiology of plant tissues.
Materials Handbook
Author: John A. Vaccari
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Published: 2002-07-09
Total Pages: 1244
ISBN-13: 9780071501842
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Materials Handbook is an encyclopedic, A-to-Z organization of all types of materials, featuring their key performance properties, principal characteristics and applications in product design. Materials include ferrous and nonferrous metals, plastics, elastomers, ceramics, woods, composites, chemicals, minerals, textiles, fuels, foodstuffs and natural plant and animal substances --more than 13,000 in all. Properties are expressed in both U.S. customary and metric units and a thorough index eases finding details on each and every material. Introduced in 1929 and often known simply as "Brady's," this comprehensive, one-volume, 1244 page encyclopedia of materials is intended for executives, managers, supervisors, engineers, and technicians, in engineering, manufacturing, marketing, purchasing and sales as well as educators and students. Of the dozens of families of materials updated in the 15th Edition, the most extensive additions pertain to adhesives, activated carbon, aluminides, aluminum alloys, catalysts, ceramics, composites, fullerences, heat-transfer fluids, nanophase materials, nickel alloys, olefins, silicon nitride, stainless steels, thermoplastic elastomers, titanium alloys, tungsten alloys, valve alloys and welding and hard-facing alloys. Also widely updated are acrylics, brazing alloys, chelants, biodegradable plastics, molybdenum alloys, plastic alloys, recyclate plastics, superalloys, supercritical fluids and tool steels. New classes of materials added include aliphatic polyketones, carburizing secondary-hardening steels and polyarylene ether benzimidazoles. Carcinogens and materials likely to be cancer-causing in humans are listed for the first time.
Degradation of Implant Materials
Author: Noam Eliaz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-08-21
Total Pages: 521
ISBN-13: 1461439426
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book reviews the current understanding of the mechanical, chemical and biological processes that are responsible for the degradation of a variety of implant materials. All 18 chapters will be written by internationally renowned experts to address both fundamental and practical aspects of research into the field. Different failure mechanisms such as corrosion, fatigue, and wear will be reviewed, together with experimental techniques for monitoring them, either in vitro or in vivo. Procedures for implant retrieval and analysis will be presented. A variety of biomaterials (stainless steels, titanium and its alloys, nitinol, magnesium alloys, polyethylene, biodegradable polymers, silicone gel, hydrogels, calcium phosphates) and medical devices (orthopedic and dental implants, stents, heart valves, breast implants) will be analyzed in detail. The book will serve as a broad reference source for graduate students and researchers studying biomedicine, corrosion, surface science, and electrochemistry.
Energetic Materials
Author: Ulrich Teipel
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2006-03-06
Total Pages: 643
ISBN-13: 3527604936
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIncorporation of particular components with specialized properties allows one to tailor the end product's properties. For instance, the sensitivity, burning behavior, thermal or mechanical properties or stability of energetic materials can be affected and even controllably varied through incorporation of such ingredients. This book examines particle technologies as applied to energetic materials such as propellants and explosives, thus filling a void in the literature on this subject. Following an introduction covering general features of energetic materials, the first section of this book describes methods of manufacturing particulate energetic materials, including size reduction, crystallization, atomization, particle formation using supercritical fluids and microencapsulation, agglomeration phenomena, special considerations in mixing explosive particles and the production of nanoparticles. The second section discusses the characterization of particulate materials. Techniques and methods such as particle size analysis, morphology elucidation and the determination of chemical and thermal properties are presented. The wettability of powders and rheological behavior of suspensions and solids are also considered. Furthermore, methods of determining the performance of particular energetic materials are described. Each chapter deals with fundamentals and application possibilities of the various methods presented, with particular emphasis on issues applicable to particulate energetic materials. The book is thus equally relevant for chemists, physicists, material scientists, chemical and mechanical engineers and anyone interested or engaged in particle processing and characterization technologies.
Hot Embossing
Author: Matthias Worgull
Publisher: William Andrew
Published: 2009-09-28
Total Pages: 368
ISBN-13: 0815519745
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book is an overview of replication technology for micro- and nanostructures, focusing on the techniques and technology of hot embossing, a scaleable and multi-purpose technology for the manufacture of devices such as BioMEMS and microfluidic devices which are expected to revolutionize a wide range of medical and industrial processes over the coming decade.The hot embossing process for replicating microstructures was developed by the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) where the author is head of the Nanoreplication Group. Worgull fills a gap in existing information by fully detailing the technology and techniques of hot embossing. He also covers nanoimprinting, a process related to hot embossing, with examples of actual research topics and new applications in nanoreplication. A practical and theoretical guide to selecting the materials, machinery and processes involved in microreplication using hot embossing techniques Compares different replication processes such as: micro injection molding, micro thermoforming, micro hot embossing, and nanoimprinting Details commercially available hot embossing machinery and components like tools and mold inserts
