On the occasion of the symposium on Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women (Monte Carlo, January 19-22, 1994), international scientists and clinicians discussed the various aspects of high blood pressure in older women. This volume presents an overview of this important aspect of both cardiology and gynecology. Special emphasis is given to the different approaches to antihypertension treatment.
The population structure in the world is rapidly changing, to the extent that in 75 years we will face a tripling of the elderly population. Although women are favored in terms of life expectancy, they also live with a longer period of disability (approximately twice that of aging men), as well as with the enemies of all the elderly, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia. Menopause is the endocrine event that overlaps with aging, potentially worsening both the quality of life and the risks of disease in women.While the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on menopausal symptoms is generally viewed as rapid and consistent, and is thereby accepted by the scientific community, its relationship to the other aforementioned chronic conditions associated with menopause is considered variable and controversial.In analyzing these complex issues, this volume yields new and significant insights into both the study of menopause-related disorders and their treatment, by illustrating the most recent information on mechanisms of actions of new estrogen receptors and on the use of sophisticated techniques of statistical analysis for population-based studies.
Few topics in women's medicine today are as fraught with confusion and controversy as the question of appropriate treatment for menopausal symptoms and the prevention of negative long term health outcomes common to post-menopausal women. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis, and cancer -- the most common causes of death, disability and impaired quality of life for women -- can potentially be prevented or forestalled by dietary, behavioral, and drug interventions. A better understanding of the natural history of the menopause is critical to providing better care. If women and their physicians have a better understanding of predictors of risk, they could make more informed decisions about interventions related to menopausal symptoms, CVD, osteoporosis and gynecologic and breast cancer. Few other recently introduced medical interventions have as great a potential of affecting morbidity and mortality as does hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT has produced effect on health risk: some are reduced, some are raised, and some uncertain, and these data are interpreted differently by various scientific, medical and consumer groups.
Cardiovascular mortality in women is more frequent than breast cancer mortality, a fact which is often overlooked. Women's Heart and Estrogens explores this important women’s health issue with respect to estrogen levels (before and after menopause) as the hormone has been known to mediate cardiovascular effects in women. The handbook includes a description of the structure and biological activity of estrogen and follows up with a detailed reference on the genetics behind estrogen and its effect on the cardiovascular system. Subsequent chapters cover the effects of estrogens on the stages of atherogenesis, actions of estrogens on the on the vascular wall and on cardiovascular metabolic pathways, causes leading to the development of early onset of coronary heart disease in young women (such as vasculitis and autoimmune diseases)[Obaid ur Rahman1] , hypercoagulable states, myocardial infarction in hallucinogenic drug abusers, non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, hormone replacement therapy and postmenopausal risk factors. Medical professionals will also find handy guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Women's Heart and Estrogens offers knowledge to readers in a clear and simple manner with detailed images and summaries in each chapter. Guidelines are also presented in a chronological context which demonstrates the development of cardiovascular disease prevention and risk management strategies for women over the years.
Menopause: Biology and Pathobiology is a comprehensive volume covering all aspects of the biology, anatomy, physiology, pathobiology, and pharmacology of menopause, as well as its diagnosis and management.The book is divided into four sections: Basic Biology, Epidemiology, Menopausal Systems Pathophysiology, and Intervention. Basic Biology covers such fundamentals as ovarian anatomy and physiology, mechanisms of steroid hormone action, chronobiological effects, and premature menopause. Epidemiology includes, among others, chapters on methodology challenges in the study of menopause, how to distinguish the effects of age from those of menopause, and a discussion of the key differences in demographics, environmental factors, and ethnicity in the menopause experience. The Pathophysiology section contains chapters on menopause and its various effects on the body, including sexuality, skin, brain, the cardiovascular system, cancers, and mood. The final section includes detailed chapters on intervention and management techniques, with topics including alternative therapies to hormone replacement, exercise, and estrogens and osteoporosis.* Well-referenced to allow easy look up of anything related to menopause* Presents the latest thinking on basic science and clinical topics* Exposes what the current gaps in our knowledge are* Presents current expert opinions
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the US, with more women dying from heart disease than men. Women may have different presentation from men and often need a different approach to diagnosis and treatment. There are also unique topics of management of heart disease in women, including issues during pregnancy, lactation, and menopause. Many different health care providers, as well as cardiologists are involved in treating these patients. A manual reviewing diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease in women would help providers without specific cardiology training to deliver care with greater efficiency. A practical and comprehensive guide geared towards these providers would be a highly practical and valuable resource that would be utilized in everyday practice in offices that include urban clinics, general medicine offices, obstetrics and gynecology offices, as well as in the surgical subspecialties. This book will be a highly practical resource that can be directly applied to the issues that arise in everyday practice. There is no available book on the market that focuses on a broader approach to cardiac disease in women or focuses on non-cardiology providers (and their trainees) who have the need to know more about treatment of cardiovascular disease in women.
The management of the climacteric syndrome has become, within the last decade, an important subject, both for women and physicians. Most of the distressing symptoms associated with the perimenopausal years can be prevented with proper hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). The evidence shows that in addition to symptom relief, HRT is also effective in the prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Menopause and the Heart is a technically detailed clinical reference on using HRT in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women. Featuring contributions from an international panel of experts, it explores emerging issues such as the risks in long- and short-term HRT use, comprehensive benefit/risk analysis, beneficial effects of estrogens in the cardiovascular system, and more.
This is a high-level, clinical reference by world-class specialists on the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Specific chapters cover pulsed estrogen therapy with Aerodiol and cardiovascular risk assessment in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies such as Livial (tibolone). This volume is based on the formal presentations and subsequent discussions that took place at the International Menopause Society specially convened Expert Workshop on Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease, London, UK, October 13-16, 2000.
The interplay of hormones, health and behavior across the female life cycle, especially during the menopausal transition, poses a special challenge to health care professionals.Written by experts, this book brings together the knowledge gained on the menopausal transition from clinical experience and medical research. Topics like 'what to expect' from the menopausal transition, sexuality, sociocultural changes, impact of life stressors, and emergence of depression are discussed. The physiology of thermoregulation and the occurrence of hot flashes are reviewed for a better understanding of vasomotor complaints. Another chapter offers an update on hormonal and nonhormonal treatment strategies by presenting an overview of the management of mood and anxiety during the menopausal transition. The emergence of psychotic symptoms associated with peri- and postmenopausal changes in sex hormone levels is also addressed. Lastly, the book includes an excellent review on the pros and cons of hormonal therapy in the post-Women's Health Initiative era. This book is a must for gynecologists, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists involved in the clinical care of mature women as well as researchers and students interested in obtaining an up-to-date overview of this topic.
"As the magnitude of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to accelerate globally, the pressing need for increased awareness and for stronger and more focused international and country responses is increasingly recognized. This atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control is part of the response to this need. It documents the magnitude of the problem, using global cardiovascular mortality and morbidity data. It demonstrates the inequities in access to protection, exposure to risk, and access to care as the cause of major inequalities between countries and populations in the occurrence and outcome of CVDs. The report has graphs showing mortality rates of CVDs by age, by country/region, and is divided into three main sections: Section A: Cardiovascular diseases due to atherosclerosis -- Section B: Other cardiovascular diseases -- Section C: Prevention and control of CVDs: Policies, strategies and interventions."--Provided by publisher.
