This book presents a summary of the current use of carbon nanomaterials for water treatment, drug delivery, systems and nanosensors. The first chapter elucidates the adsorption process phenomenon. Also, the properties of different carbon nanomaterials for adsorption applications are covered. The third chapter presents the kinetic and equilibrium models of adsorption, processing of experimental data and adsorption process peculiarities. Environmental and biological applications of carbon nanomaterials are listed in the last chapter. This book is written from an application-oriented perspective and is useful for all those interested in nanoadsorbents.
The deterioration of water quality and unavailability of drinkable water are pressing challenges worldwide. The removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants from water is vital for a clean environment, as a response to water scarcity. Adsorption-based water technologies are among the most widely used because of their high efficiency and low cost, without relying on a complex infrastructure. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as graphene and derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoporous carbon, fullerenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and nanodiamonds have been extensively exploited as adsorbents due to their extraordinary surface properties, ease of modification, large surface area, controlled structural varieties, high chemical stability, porosity, low density, ease of regeneration, and reusability. This book provides a thorough overview of the state of the art in carbon nanomaterials as they are used for adsorption applications in water purifications, as well as addressing their toxicological challenges. This volume primarily explores the fundamentals of adsorption, its mechanical aspects, synthesis and properties of CNMs, and adsorption performances of CNMs and their nanocomposites with organic and inorganic materials. Structural engineering and activation processes produce materials with enhanced adsorptive properties and separation efficiencies. Furthermore, the formation of CNMs with 2D and 3D macro-and microstructures and high porosities is a potential approach to improve adsorption performances and extend CNM use at the industrial level. The book also addresses important issues regarding these adsorbents that potentially affect future research and industrial applications of carbon-based nanoadsorbents in water security. - Presents advances in multifunctional 3D superstructures of carbon nanomaterials and their composites for adsorption applications - Outlines the fundamentals on synthesis and characterization techniques of carbon-based nanostructures and their composites - Assesses the major toxicological challenges in using nanostructured materials as adsorbents for water purification
Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications discusses the characterization, processing and applications of carbon-based nanostructured materials in the agricultural and environmental sectors. Sections discuss the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes, the technological developments in environmental applications of carbon-based nanomaterials, and agri-food applications. The book also covers the toxic effects of engineered carbon nanoparticles on the environment, and in plants and animals. Finally, quality control and risk management are addressed to assess health and environmental risks. This is an applicable book for graduate students, researchers and those in industrial sectors of science and technology who want to learn more about carbon nanomaterials. - Compares a range of carbon-based nanomaterials, showing how they are used for a range of agricultural and environmental applications - Discusses the challenges and toxicity of different types of carbon-based nanomaterials for environmental and agricultural applications - Explores when different classes of nanomaterial should be used in different environments
Carbon nanomaterials possess special physical and chemical properties. As adsorbents, they are widely used for the purification of water and other liquids, recovery of valuable substances from liquid and gaseous media, and oil refining and also in petrochemical, wine, oil and fat, and other industries. They can be used in medicine, both for the creation of hemosorption systems that are capable of performing specific purification of blood and other physiological fluids, including removal of various exo- and endotoxicants, and for the construction of highly effective adsorbed probiotics. The creation of nanostructured carbon-containing materials is one of many rapidly developing research fields and also the theme of this book. The book focuses on the recent developments in the synthesis of nanostructured carbon multifunctional sorbents and covers topics such as fusicoccin compounds as anticancer agents, entero- and vulnerosorption, and blood purification. It will be useful for scientists, chemical industry specialists, professors, and master’s and PhD students of chemical, physical, and biological sciences.
This book is divided into four main sections thoroughly analyzing the use of nanomaterials for water, air and soil solutions, and emphasizing environmental risks. Providing background on nanomaterials' two-decade study, it discusses the characterization and application of unconventional disinfectants, called antimicrobial nanomaterials, which fall into three categories and, while seemingly harmless, have potential hazards if applied improperly. Special attention is given to the process of remediation, synthetics techniques, and properties of nanomaterials, with examples to which new and trained readers in the field can relate and understand. an interdisciplinary approach, aimed at scientists in physical chemistry, nanotechnology, and environmental sciences includes applications of non-conventional techniques in environmental protection furthers the development of applied nanoscience and nanotechnology suggests new industrial projects and university courses addressing nanotechnology in and for the environment includes applications for water, air and soil protection
Environmental Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Devices Explore this insightful treatment of the function and fabrication of high-performance devices for environmental applications Environmental Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Devices delivers an overview of state-of-the-art technology in functionalized carbon nanomaterials-based devices for environmental applications. The book provides a powerful foundation, based in materials science, on functionalized carbon nanomaterials in general, and environmental science and device fabrication in particular. The book focuses on the chemical and physical methods of functionalization of carbon nanomaterials and the technology of device fabrication, including lab-on-a-chip approaches and applications such as wastewater purification and gas sensing. It provides readers with a thorough understanding of effective environmental remediation techniques performed with carbon nanomaterials-based devices. In addition to topics such as cross-linked graphene oxide membranes assembled with graphene oxide nanosheets, free-standing graphene oxide-chitin nanocrystal composite membranes for dye adsorption and oil/water separation, and in-situ grown covalent organic framework nanosheets on graphene for membrane-based dye/salt separation, readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to charge-gated ion transport through polyelectrolyte intercalated amine reduced graphene oxide membranes An exploration of hydrotalcite/graphene oxide hybrid nanosheets functionalized nanofiltration membrane for desalination A discussion of the incorporation of attapulgite nanorods into graphene oxide nanofiltration membranes for efficient dyes wastewater treatment An examination of attapulgite nanofibers and graphene oxide composite membranes for high-performance molecular separation Perfect for materials scientists, analytical chemists, and environmental chemists, Environmental Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Devices will also earn a place in the libraries of sensor developers seeking a one-stop resource for high-performance devices and sensors useful for environmental applications.
Bioremediation refers to the clean‐up of pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human health or the environment. For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action, its application often involves the management of ecological factors to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations. Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation. Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the important development of new technologies. Among them, several decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation application for managing affected environment and bioremediation approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation, microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants, protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also discussed.
Handbook of Advanced Approaches towards Pollution Prevention and Control, Volume Two: Legislative Measures and Sustainability for Pollution Prevention and Control condenses all relevant information on pollution prevention and control in a single source. This handbook (Volume Two of Two) covers the principals of pollution prevention and control technologies, recent advances in pollution prevention, control technologies and their sustainability, modernization in pollution prevention and control technologies for future and next generation of pollution prevention and control technologies. The book is an indispensable resource for researchers and academic staff in chemical and process engineering, safety engineering, environmental engineering, biotechnology, and materials engineering. - Provides in-depth information on the principles and advances in pollution prevention and control practices - Discusses emerging technologies and processes for advanced pollution prevention and control - Presents developments on the use of the assessment models as tools to support the research and applications of different technologies and processes - Provides history, fundamentals, state-of-the-art, and future trends - Edited by expert team of world-class editors
Environmental Nanotechnology: Implications and Applications, Volume 99 focuses on the implications and applications of Environmental Nanotechnology. The book presents the various methods used for the production and characterization of nanoparticles, and includes chapters on Nanoparticles: An overview, Nanomaterials and photocatalysis for environment: Applications and characterization, Toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles, Overview of nanoparticles technology usage for water treatment with an emphasis on the emerging water pollutants, Nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, Nanomaterials for groundwater remediation, Development of nano-sensor and biosensor as an air pollution detection technique for the foreseeable future, and more. Additional chapters in this comprehensive release include Nanomaterials as a tool for soil remediation in sustainable agriculture, Impact of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment, Nanoparticles in solid waste: Impact and management strategies, and Global regulations and legislations on nanoparticles usage and application in diverse horizons. - Includes information on how nanotechnology impacts different environmental fields - Presents the benefits of Nanotechnology usage in the treatment of groundwater, water, wastewater, air and soil-like environmental compartments - Discusses available management and policies for the regulation of nanotechnology usage
