Russian-Ottoman Borderlands
Russian-Ottoman Borderlands

Author: Lucien J. Frary

Publisher: University of Wisconsin Pres

Published: 2014-08-12

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13: 0299298043

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During the nineteenth century—as violence, population dislocations, and rebellions unfolded in the borderlands between the Russian and Ottoman Empires—European and Russian diplomats debated the “Eastern Question,” or, “What should be done about the Ottoman Empire?” Russian-Ottoman Borderlands brings together an international group of scholars to show that the Eastern Question was not just one but many questions that varied tremendously from one historical actor and moment to the next. The Eastern Question (or, from the Ottoman perspective, the Western Question) became the predominant subject of international affairs until the end of the First World War. Its legacy continues to resonate in the Balkans, the Black Sea region, and the Caucasus today. The contributors address ethnicity, religion, popular attitudes, violence, dislocation and mass migration, economic rivalry, and great-power diplomacy. Through a variety of fresh approaches, they examine the consequences of the Eastern Question in the lives of those peoples it most affected, the millions living in the Russian and Ottoman Empires and the borderlands in between.

Southern Europe in the Age of Revolutions
Southern Europe in the Age of Revolutions

Author: Maurizio Isabella

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2023-05-23

Total Pages: 704

ISBN-13: 069124619X

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An examination of revolutions in the Iberian and Italian peninsulas, Sicily and Greece in the 1820s that reveals a popular constitutional culture in the South After the turbulent years of the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna’s attempt to guarantee peace and stability across Europe, a new revolutionary movement emerged in the southern peripheries of the continent. In this groundbreaking study, Maurizio Isabella examines the historical moment in the 1820s when a series of simultaneous uprisings took the quest for constitutional government to Portugal, Spain, the Italian peninsula, Sicily and Greece. Isabella places these events in a broader global revolutionary context and, decentering conventional narratives of the origins of political modernity, reveals the existence of an original popular constitutional culture in southern Europe. Isabella looks at the role played by secret societies, elections, petitions, protests and the experience of war as well as the circulation of information and individuals across seas and borders in politicising new sectors of society. By studying the mobilisation of the army, the clergy, artisans, rural communities and urban populations in favour of or against the revolutions, he shows that the uprisings in the South—although their ultimate fate was determined by the intervention of more powerful foreign countries—enjoyed considerable popular support in ideologically divided societies and led to the introduction of constitutions. Isabella argues that these movements informed the political life of Portugal and Spain for many decades and helped to forge a long-lasting revolutionary tradition in the Italian peninsula. The liberalism that emerged as a popular political force across southern Europe, he contends, was distinct from French and British varieties.

Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the Age of Empire
Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the Age of Empire

Author: Seema Alavi

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2015-04-06

Total Pages: 505

ISBN-13: 067428691X

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Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the Age of Empire recovers the stories of five Indian Muslim scholars who, in the aftermath of the uprising of 1857, were hunted by British authorities, fled their homes in India for such destinations as Cairo, Mecca, and Istanbul, and became active participants in a flourishing pan-Islamic intellectual network at the cusp of the British and Ottoman empires. Seema Alavi traces this network, born in the age of empire, which became the basis of a global Muslim sensibility—a form of political and cultural affiliation that competes with ideas of nationhood today as it did in the previous century. By demonstrating that these Muslim networks depended on European empires and that their sensibility was shaped by the West in many subtle ways, Alavi challenges the idea that all pan-Islamic configurations are anti-Western or pro-Caliphate. Indeed, Western imperial hegemony empowered the very inter-Asian Muslim connections that went on to outlive European empires. Diverging from the medieval idea of the umma, this new cosmopolitan community stressed consensus in matters of belief, ritual, and devotion and found inspiration in the liberal reforms then gaining traction in the Ottoman world. Alavi breaks new ground in the writing of nineteenth-century history by engaging equally with the South Asian and Ottoman worlds, and by telling a non-Eurocentric story of global modernity without overlooking the importance of the British Empire.

Who Saved the Parthenon?
Who Saved the Parthenon?

Author: William St Clair

Publisher: Open Book Publishers

Published: 2022-05-26

Total Pages: 502

ISBN-13: 1783744642

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In this magisterial book, William St Clair unfolds the history of the Parthenon throughout the modern era to the present day, with special emphasis on the period before, during, and after the Greek War of Independence of 1821–32. Focusing particularly on the question of who saved the Parthenon from destruction during this conflict, with the help of documents that shed a new light on this enduring question, he explores the contributions made by the Philhellenes, Ancient Athenians, Ottomans and the Great Powers. Marshalling a vast amount of primary evidence, much of it previously unexamined and published here for the first time, St Clair rigorously explores the multiple ways in which the Parthenon has served both as a cultural icon onto which meanings are projected and as a symbol of particular national, religious and racial identities, as well as how it illuminates larger questions about the uses of built heritage. This book has a companion volume with the classical Parthenon as its main focus, which offers new ways of recovering the monument and its meanings in ancient times. St Clair builds on the success of his classic text, The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period, to present this rich and authoritative account of the Parthenon’s presentation and reception throughout history. With weighty implications for the present life of the Parthenon, it is itself a monumental contribution to accounts of the Greek Revolution, to classical studies, and to intellectual history.

Mediterranean Encounters
Mediterranean Encounters

Author: Fariba Zarinebaf

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 2018-07-24

Total Pages: 513

ISBN-13: 0520964314

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Mediterranean Encounters traces the layered history of Galata—a Mediterranean and Black Sea port—to the Ottoman conquest, and its transformation into a hub of European trade and diplomacy as well as a pluralist society of the early modern period. Framing the history of Ottoman-European encounters within the institution of ahdnames (commercial and diplomatic treaties), this thoughtful book offers a critical perspective on the existing scholarship. For too long, the Ottoman empire has been defined as an absolutist military power driven by religious conviction, culturally and politically apart from the rest of Europe, and devoid of a commercial policy. By taking a close look at Galata, Fariba Zarinebaf provides a different approach based on a history of commerce, coexistence, competition, and collaboration through the lens of Ottoman legal records, diplomatic correspondence, and petitions. She shows that this port was just as cosmopolitan and pluralist as any large European port and argues that the Ottoman world was not peripheral to European modernity but very much part of it.

The Greek Revolution and the Violent Birth of Nationalism
The Greek Revolution and the Violent Birth of Nationalism

Author: Yanni Kotsonis

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2025-01-14

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 069121526X

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"At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Greece was not a country-it was only a vague idea. The territories we now call Greece were part of the Ottoman Empire, though some of its islands were ruled at various points by the Venetians, the French, the Russians, and the British. The population was a mix of religious and ethnic groups including Muslims, Orthodox Christians, Catholics, and Jews, who spoke Albanian, Turkish, Vlach dialects, and numerous other varieties of Greek. But by 1830, Greece was a united, independent, and Orthodox Christian country that had made a global impact in the age of empires. In The Greek Revolution: A New History, Yanni Kotsonis tells the story of the 1821 revolution and war for Greek independence, arguing that Greece's evolution was far from inevitable. The author paints a vivid picture of how a religiously, ethnically, and linguistically mixed milieu turned violent and chaotic, and how the Enlightenment and the imperial machinations of Greece's neighbors and other European power created a movement within Greece to join "Christian Europe." Over the course of the revolution, all Orthodox Christians became Greek, and all Muslims became Turks (the many languages and dialects used by both populations notwithstanding). The author brings the revolution to life through the colorful stories of figures now regarded as heroes of the revolution, from the mercenary and pirate "Little Theodore" Kolokotronis to the former Venetian aristocrat Giovanni Cap d'Istria. Though Greece was only a small province of the Ottoman Empire, its emergence after the Greek Revolution of 1821 led to the creation of Greek identity, gave rise to the idea of a Christian nation, and set the stage for the age of nationalism that was to come"--

"Those Infidel Greeks" (2 vols.)

Author: H. Şükrü Ilıcak

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2021-09-06

Total Pages: 1723

ISBN-13: 9004471308

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The documents edited by H. Şükrü Ilıcak in Those Infidel Greeks comprise the English translations of select documents from the Ayniyat Registers on the Greek War of Independence preserved in the Ottoman State Archives. The primary importance of these documents is that they are a clear testimony of the larger imperial context in which the Greek War of Independence evolved and proved successful. The mass of information they contain is immense and allows the reader to follow on an almost day-to-day basis how an empire tried to suppress a national uprising—the first of its kind in the early nineteenth century. Contributors: Çağrı Erdoğan, H. Şükrü Ilıcak, Nikola Rakovski, Mehmet Savan, Kahraman Şakul, and Aysel Yıldız. This is a co-publication with the Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation.