Sex Differences in Neurology and Psychiatry
Sex Differences in Neurology and Psychiatry

Author:

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2020-09-30

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 0444641246

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Sex Differences in Neurology and Psychiatry, Volume 175, addresses this important issue by viewing major neurological and psychiatric conditions through the lens of sexual dimorphism, providing an entirely novel approach to understanding vulnerability factors, as well as potential new treatment strategies in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. The handbook comprises four major sections: (1) Introduction to sex differences in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, (2) Description of the impact of genetic, epigenetic, sex hormonal and other environmental effects on cerebral sex dimorphism, (3) Review of sex differences in neurologic disorders, and (4) Review of sex differences in psychiatric disorders. - Explores sex differences in human neuroanatomy and neurophysiology - Offers a pathway toward a gender-specific treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders - Provides an overview of the genetics of sex hormones, human brain structure, and function, as well as the epigenetics, environment and social context

Dancing Cockatoos and the Dead Man Test: How Behavior Evolves and Why It Matters
Dancing Cockatoos and the Dead Man Test: How Behavior Evolves and Why It Matters

Author: Marlene Zuk

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Published: 2022-08-09

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 1324007230

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Longlisted for the 2023 PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award A lively exploration of animal behavior in all its glorious complexity, whether in tiny wasps, lumbering elephants, or ourselves. For centuries, people have been returning to the same tired nature-versus-nurture debate, trying to determine what we learn and what we inherit. In Dancing Cockatoos and the Dead Man Test, biologist Marlene Zuk goes beyond the binary and instead focuses on interaction, or the way that genes and environment work together. Driving her investigation is a simple but essential question: How does behavior evolve? Drawing from a wealth of research, including her own on insects, Zuk answers this question by turning to a wide range of animals and animal behavior. There are stories of cockatoos that dance to rock music, ants that heal their injured companions, dogs that exhibit signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and so much more. For insights into animal intelligence, mating behavior, and an organism’s ability to fight disease, she explores the behavior of smart spiders, silent crickets, and crafty crows. In each example, she clearly demonstrates how these traits were produced by the complex and diverse interactions of genes and the environment and urges us to consider how that same process evolves behavior in us humans. Filled with delightful anecdotes and fresh insights, Dancing Cockatoos and the Dead Man Test helps us see both other animals and ourselves more clearly, demonstrating that animal behavior can be remarkably similar to human behavior, and wonderfully complicated in its own right.

International Arbitration in England
International Arbitration in England

Author: Laila Hamzi

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2022-08-09

Total Pages: 602

ISBN-13: 9403522259

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There is no question that in recent years, the case law, practice and legal environment in which international arbitration in England is practised have all evolved and adapted to a changing world and continue to do so. In this book, a diverse range of practitioners chart this development with detailed consideration of the challenges and opportunities for the future of international arbitration in England. The topics chosen often reflect and explore preoccupations of our times, including such aspects of arbitral practice as the following: challenges to arbitrators, with particular attention to the Supreme Court’s findings in Halliburton v. Chubb; virtual hearings; diversity in international arbitration; climate change arbitration; ‘green arbitration’ practices; developing jurisprudence regarding enjoining foreign states in English proceedings; recovery of in-house costs in English-seated international arbitrations; overlapping sanctions regimes and their application to arbitral disputes in England; and the role and future of third-party funding. The fact that the essays were all written during the COVID-19 pandemic is reflected in the procedural issues which form the focus of some chapters, reminding us that when it comes, change can come quickly. For this reason, the deeply informed insights in this volume, intended as they are to ensure the continued evolution and success of international arbitration in England, will prove of immeasurable value for any practitioner making submissions before an arbitral tribunal. Jurists, academics and students will gain invaluable perspectives on the future trajectory of the field.

Anhedonia: Preclinical, Translational, and Clinical Integration
Anhedonia: Preclinical, Translational, and Clinical Integration

Author: Diego A. Pizzagalli

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-08-08

Total Pages: 526

ISBN-13: 3031096835

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Anhedonia is a key symptom (and often risk factor) for various neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, and Parkinson's Disease, among others. Across disorders, anhedonia has been associated with worse disease course, including poor response to pharmacological, psychological and neurostimulation treatments as well as completed suicide. Mounting evidence emerging from preclinical and translational sciences has clarified that "anhedonia" can be parsed into partially independent subcomponents, including incentive motivation, consummatory pleasure, reward learning, and effort-based decision making, pointing to distinct neurobiological substrates that could underlie anhedonic phenotypes. Taking an integrative approach that emphasizes cross-species integration and dimensional conceptualization of mental illnesses (e.g., Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)), this book represents the most comprehensive evaluation, synthesis and integration of theories and empirical findings focused on anhedonia. Organized across five parts, the handbook starts with chapters on the history, etiology, and assessments of anhedonia (Part I), followed by a section on the role of anhedonia in psychiatric and neurological disorders (Part II). Using the RDoC Matrix as a guide, Part III presents chapters synthetizing preclinical and clinical findings on different reward processing subdomains (e.g., reward responsiveness, reward valuation, reward learning). Part IV is focused on selected special topics, including historical and current perspectives on the transdiagnostic nature and importance of social anhedonia, the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of anhedonia, the use of computational modeling to “dissect” anhedonia and improve its understanding, and links between anhedonia and suicide. Finally, Part V includes chapters on pharmacological, psychological and neurostimulation treatments for anhedonia.

Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease
Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease

Author: Maria Teresa Ferretti

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2021-07-23

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 012819345X

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Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: The Women's Brain Project offers for the first time a critical overview of the evidence documenting sex and gender differences in Alzheimer's disease neurobiology, biomarkers, clinical presentation, treatment, clinical trials and their outcomes, and socioeconomic impact on both patients and caregivers. This knowledge is crucial for clinical development, digital health solutions, as well as social and psychological support to Alzheimer's disease families, in the frame of a precision medicine approach to Alzheimer's disease.This book brings together up-to-date findings from a variety of experts, covering basic neuroscience, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, clinical trials development, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial support. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, remains an unmet medical need for the planet. Wide interpersonal variability in disease onset, presentation, and biomarker profile make Alzheimer's a clinical challenge to neuroscientists, clinicians, and drug developers alike, resulting in huge management costs for health systems and society. Not only do women represent the majority of Alzheimer's disease patients, but they also represent two-thirds of caregivers. Understanding sex and gender differences in Alzheimer's disease will lead to novel insights into disease mechanisms, and will be crucial for personalized disease management strategies and solutions, involving both the patient and their family. Endorsements/Reviews: "There is a clear sex and gender gap in outcomes for brain health disorders like Alzheimer's disease, with strikingly negative outcomes for women. This understanding calls for a more systematic way of approaching this issue of inequality. This book effectively highlights and frames inequalities in all areas across the translational spectrum from bench-to-bedside and from boardroom-to-policy and economics. Closing the Brain Health Gap will help economies create recovery and prepare our systems for future global shocks." Harris A. Eyre MBBS, PhD, co-lead, Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative, OECD and PRODEO Institute. Instructor in Brain Health Diplomacy, Global Brain Health Institute, UCSF and TCD. "Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's disease is the most important title to emerge on Alzheimer's disease in recent years.This comprehensive, multidisciplinary book is a must read for anyone with a serious interest in dementia prevention, diagnosis, treatment, care, cure and research. Precision medicine is the future of healthcare and this book represents an incredible and necessary resource to guide practice, policy and research in light of the fact that Alzheimer's disease disproportionately affects women. The combination of contributions from the most eminent experts and the most up-to-date research makes this an invaluable resource for clinicians, care providers, academics, researchers and policy makers. Given the complex nature of dementia and the multiple factors that influence risk and disease trajectory the scope of the book is both impressive and important covering sex differences in neurobiological processes, sex and gender differences in clinical aspects and gender differences linked to socioeconomic factors relevant to Alzheimer's disease. If you work in Alzheimer's disease, or indeed other dementias, then Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's disease is a must have for your bookshelf." -- Sabina Brennan, PhD., C.Psychol.,PsSI., National representative for Ireland on Alzheimer Disease International's Medical and Scientific Advisory Panel