The human skeleton undergoes a life-long remodeling process. Bone homeostasis requires a potential balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. With old age, bone homeostasis undergoes deregulation, and normal bone remodeling could not make bone mass stable, thus causing osteopenia and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass, degraded bone microstructure, increased bone fragility and raised risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is a frequently occurring and common disease in the aging population, especially in postmenopausal women and elderly men. The updated research found that one-third of women aged 60 to 70 suffer from osteoporosis; Two-thirds of women aged 80 years or older have osteoporosis. About 20-25% of women over 50 years of age have one or more vertebral fractures. Recent research evidence indicates that an increasing number of plant-based natural products (or secondary metabolites), such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, flavonoids, and other botanicals active compounds, have beneficial effects on the risk of osteoporosis. Compared with conventional therapies, plant-based natural products with thousands of years of medical use experience are gradually approved for clinical use due to fewer adverse reactions, low toxicity, high efficiency and good tolerance. Natural products have been an important source of inspiration for new drug development. However, most of the evidence regarding the anti-osteoporosis effects of natural products comes from in vitro and preclinical in vivo studies, and only a few natural products have been used clinically. All of these above-mentioned still require rigorously designed studies and further verification.
Nutrition and Osteoporosis: Seeing Through a Glass, Darkly (1 Cor. 13:12) This volume of Advances in Nutritional Research deals with the present state of knowledge relative to the role of nutrition in the etiology of osteoporosis, one of the most serious degenerative diseases in the aging population. As a back drop for subsequent chapters on specific nutrients, Chapter 1 provides a com prehensive account of the gain and loss of bone throughout the life cycle, with emphasis on the architectural changes in later life that predispose to osteoporotic bone fractures. Chapter 2 documents the occurrence of aging bone loss through out human archeological history and Chapter 3 extends this documentation to all non-human vertebrate species so far examined, including primates living in the wild. It is apparent that a progressive loss of bone tissue is a normal accompaniment of aging among higher vertebrates. Whether it is a cause of bone fractures in animals, as it is in humans, is still unknown. It has also been established that there are significant differences in the frequency of osteoporotic fractures among human families, ethnic groups, national populations and diet cultures. Numerous studies have been carried out in an effort to explain these differences, and many of these deal with the possible effect of nutrition. Protracted controversies over the role of nutrition in the etiology of osteoporosis are reflected in the contents of several of the ensuing chapters.
Plant Bioactives as Natural Panacea Against Age-induced Diseases: Nutraceuticals and Functional Lead Compounds for Drug Development presents comprehensive information on the complications of aging and the bioactive phytochemicals that in specific herbal formulations, including beverages, can mitigate them. The book extensively describes the current information on the role of plant bioactive components in delaying or preventing the aging process and associated complications, while also covering different strategies and scientific evidence of possible synergistic effects of these studies, enabling the formulation of more effective natural drugs to intervene in aging and associated events. Chapters cover the broad areas of plant bioactive compounds in promoting healthy aging and longevity, including balancing glucose homeostasis, in cognitive impairments, age-related diseases, food trends and the anti-aging diet in Asia and other regions, as well as the social and economic impact of dietary patterns in aging interventions. Written by a team of global experts. - Describes plant bioactives for specific age disorders - Focuses on the discovery of new herbal origin drugs and potential druggable targets for the treatment of chronic diseases of world importance - Includes cutting-edge research information on cell senescence during aging and assesses the plant bioactive compounds
A large amount of research effort goes into assessing the health benefits of a plant-based diet, resulting from human desire to consume a more sustainable diet that is less destructive of the earth’s natural resources. In addition, a growing number of people are choosing the vegan or total vegetarian diet because of the potential to greatly reduce the risk of chronic diseases and mortality rates. Although this interest in plant-based eating is popular, there exist concerns on the safety of some vegetarian diets, especially a vegan diet. This book describes issues of the vegetarian diet and outlines ways to prevent nutrient deficiencies. Vegetarian Nutrition and Wellness focuses on synthesizing research around vegetarian diets and human health. A major section of the book deals with how a vegetarian diet protects population groups from the major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and various cancers. Based upon ecological and clinical studies, chapter authors explain the health-promoting properties of plant-based diets, and compare/contrast health outcomes obtained from consuming omnivorous diets with a vegetarian or vegan diet. Fruits and vegetables figure prominently in vegetarian diets and provide a substantial effect in disease reduction and health-promoting properties of a plant-based diet. Vegetarian Nutrition and Wellness is written for the academic community, registered dietitians, health professionals, and graduate students in nutrition and public health. Each chapter provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and includes a concise summary at the beginning of each chapter. The time is ripe for this book to update the scientific community with a collage of well-documented topics on vegetarian nutrition.
Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: Nutritional Care in Geriatrics -- 1: Overview of Nutrition Care in Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics -- 1.1 Defining Malnutrition -- 1.2 Nutrition Care in Older Adults: A Complex and Necessary Challenge -- 1.3 Malnutrition: A Truly Wicked Problem -- 1.4 Building the Rationale for Integrated Nutrition Care -- 1.5 Managing the Wicked Nutrition Problems with a SIMPLE Approach (or Other Tailored Models) -- 1.5.1 Keep It SIMPLE When Appropriate -- 1.5.2 A SIMPLE Case Example -- 1.5.2.1 S-Screen for Malnutrition -- 1.5.2.2 I-Interdisciplinary Assessment -- 1.5.2.3 M-Make the Diagnosis (es) -- 1.5.2.4 P-Plan with the Older Adult -- 1.5.2.5 L-Implement Interventions -- 1.5.2.6 E-Evaluate Ongoing Care Requirements -- 1.6 Bringing It All Together: Integrated Nutrition Care Across the Four Pillars of (Ortho) Geriatric Care -- 1.7 Summary: Finishing Off with a List of New Questions -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 2: Nutritional Requirements in Geriatrics -- 2.1 Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults, Geriatric and Orthogeriatric Patients -- 2.2 Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults -- 2.2.1 Energy Requirement and Recommended Intake -- 2.2.2 Protein Requirement and Recommended Intake -- 2.2.3 Micronutrients and Dietary Fibers -- 2.3 Nutritional Risk Factors in Older Adults -- 2.4 Estimating Intake in Older Adults -- 2.5 Nutritional Status of Older Adults, Geriatric and Orthogeriatric Patients -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 3: Nutritional Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Geriatrics -- 3.1 The Nutrition Care Process -- 3.2 Nutritional Screening/Risk Detection -- 3.3 Nutritional Assessment and Diagnosis -- 3.3.1 Nutrition Impact Symptoms -- 3.3.2 Nutritional Diagnosis -- 3.3.3 Etiologic Criteria.
This newly revised edition contains updated versions of all of the topics that were in the first edition and has been substantially expanded with an additional 5 chapters. Each chapter includes information from the most up-to-date research on how nutritional factors can affect bone health, written with an evidence-based focus and complete with comprehensive references for each subject. Nutrition and Bone Health, second edition covers all aspects of nutrition and the skeleton, from the history and fundamentals, to the effects of macronutrients, minerals, vitamins, and supplements, and even covers the effects of lifestyle, the different life stages, and nutrition-related disorders and secondary osteoporosis. New chapters include HIV & AIDs and the skeleton, celiac disease and bone health, and nutrition and bone health in space. Nutrition and Bone Health, second edition is a necessary resource for health care professionals, medical students, graduate students, dietitians, and nutritionists who are interested in how nutrition affects bone health during all stages of life.
A unique nutritional guide and cookbook—with over 100 delicious recipes—that can help both women and men of any age maintain optimal bone density and prevent osteoporosis. Can you have healthy bones while following a diet of more, mostly, or entirely plants? Is lower bone density an inescapable price even young people must pay for choosing plant foods? Dr. Laura Kelly, a specialist in precision medicine for bone health, hears these questions from patients and colleagues who cite studies showing that as a group, vegetarians and vegans can have lower bone density than do people who eat animal food. In The Healthy Bones Plant-Based Nutrition Plan and Cookbook, Dr. Kelly puts these questions to rest, offering readers the same expert guidance she provides to her patients who are on a plant-forward or vegetarian diet, ensuring they have a plan to meet their nutritional needs for healthy bones or working toward reversal of bone loss. She explains why people on plant-forward, vegetarian, or vegan diets sometimes struggle with low bone density; identifies the environmental factors that can influence bone health; and explains how to minimize the risks while setting out the steps anyone can take to restore, improve, and maintain bone density. As the authors of The Healthy Bones Nutrition Plan and Cookbook, Laura and Helen Kelly specialize in explaining science to nonscientists, and this book is a must-have for anyone who is giving plant foods a bigger share—or a full share—of their daily diet. The authors guide readers to learn about the wide variety of plant foods and how to select, prepare, and cook with them, as well as best food combinations in order to achieve optimum bone health. The Healthy Bones Plant-Based Nutrition Plan and Cookbook breaks new ground by including: Complete information on the abundant nutrition that plant foods offer and an explanation of how plant foods alone can help to strengthen the skeleton. An explanation of exciting research discoveries regarding gene expression and the use of genetic testing to help those struggling with bone loss. The new sciences of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics allow practitioners to understand how a patient’s genetic profile contributes to bone density and how detailed nutrient and food prescriptions can either prevent or treat osteoporosis in an elegant and efficient way. The reasons why bone strength and density decline with age, and the type of nutrient interventions that can help restore turnover balance. How to meet and overcome the challenges to nutrient bioavailability posed by choosing a fully plant-based life. A discussion of the A to Z of bioavailability of nutrients most important for bone health, from calcium to Vitamin K2, and how to release the nutrients in plant foods from the antinutrients that can lock them in undigestible forms. Over 100 recipes created by gifted vegetarian chef Jummee Park that feature delicious and diverse combinations of vegetables, fruits, grains, mushrooms, nuts, beans, seeds, edible flowers, and spices. Tips on establishing a pantry and several example meal plans. How to use an online nutrition calculator to craft your own delicious plant combinations that supply needed amounts of complete protein, iron, and vitamins A and B12 for whole nutrition. The Healthy Bones Plant-Based Nutrition Plan and Cookbook is a unique nutritional guide and cookbook that can help both women and men of any age maintain optimal bone density and prevent osteoporosis on a plant-based, vegetarian, or vegan diet. The book’s full presentation of the science of bone health, along with a generous helping of recipes, follows the example of the Kellys’ first book to inspire confidence in and enthusiasm for making the changes required to embrace food as medicine for bones.
Aging: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants bridges the trans-disciplinary divide and covers in a single volume the science of oxidative stress in aging and the potentially therapeutic use of natural antioxidants in the diet or food matrix. The processes within the science of oxidative stress are described in concert with other processes, such as apoptosis, cell signaling, and receptor mediated responses. This approach recognizes that diseases are often multifactorial, and oxidative stress is a single component of this. Gerontologists, geriatricians, nutritionists, and dieticians are separated by divergent skills and professional disciplines that need to be bridged in order to advance preventative as well as treatment strategies. While gerontologists and geriatricians may study the underlying processes of aging, they are less likely to be conversant in the science of nutrition and dietetics. On the other hand, nutritionists and dietitians are less conversant with the detailed clinical background and science of gerontology. This book addresses this gap and brings each of these disciplines to bear on the processes inherent in the oxidative stress of aging. - Nutritionists can apply information related to mitochondrial oxidative stress in one disease to diet-related strategies in another unrelated disease - Dietitians can prescribe new foods or diets containing anti-oxidants for conditions resistant to conventional pharmacological treatments - Dietitians, after learning about the basic biology of oxidative stress, will be able to suggest new treatments to their multidisciplinary teams - Nutritionists and dietitians will gain an understanding of cell signaling and be able to suggest new preventative or therapeutic strategies with anti-oxidant rich foods
Healthcare providers are often approached by patients and clients about alternative therapies, whether self-prescribing or wanting to add therapies as an adjunct to the medical treatment they will be receiving. In addition, many healthcare providers plan to incorporate alternative treatments into their practice for a more integrative approach. Whichever the case, it's important for the healthcare provider to have access to information about alternative and integrative treatments and how they work with standard medical therapies. Answering this need is Natural Standard Medical Conditions Reference: An Integrative Approach, a quick reference book with integrative medicine monographs for more than 100 of the most crucial conditions. This is your best source for comprehensive, evidence-based integrative medicine information, categorized according to evidence and proven efficacy. - Covers 100+ of the most commonly seen conditions. - Integrated therapies are rated according to whether the scientific evidence is good, unclear or conflicting, slightly negative, or strongly negative. - Each monograph ends with a section on prevention, giving tips to help the patient prevent disease/conditions or perhaps avoid recurrence after treatment is finished. - Conventional medical treatment is thoroughly explained, as well as lifestyle changes that could benefit the patient. - The lead author is a PharmD from The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, which is well respected in both medical and alternative communities.
Natural solutions for a healthy, happy lifestyle As Canadians have become more health-conscious than ever, more and more people want alternative solutions to health problems rather than conventional medical practices and drugs. For many, a natural approach to healing common ailments and serious health issues alike is preferable to invasive procedures and prescription drugs with their numerous side effects. Sherry Torkos, one of Canada's leading pharmacists, is renowned for her expansive knowledge of natural treatments. In this new edition of The Canadian Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, Torkos provides a definitive and up-to-date resource that includes natural treatments for everything from bug bites to muscle aches, osteoporosis to diabetes. It includes a wide range of ailments and diseases, the latest information on the natural treatments that work best, and any potential negative interactions between natural cures and prescribed medications. Handy A-to-Z format makes finding an ailment or condition quick and easy Heavily revised to include the very latest research and treatments, new health guidelines, new cancer prevention strategies, and the most up-to-date statistics and facts Written by a renowned holistic pharmacists, fitness instructor, and lecturer For anyone who wants to create a personalized holistic health program for themselves or their family, The Canadian Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, Second Edition is a reliable and comprehensive resource.
