Birkat HaMinim
Birkat HaMinim

Author: Yaakov Y. Teppler

Publisher: Mohr Siebeck

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13: 9783161493508

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

One of the intriguing questions in the study of the period of the re-formation of Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple is the identity of a group which appears in hundreds of Talmudic sources from those days - the minim. .It is clear that most of these sources reflect different facets of the polemic between Judaism and Christianity, which were both engaged in establishing their identities.This book concentrates mainly on the second century CE, and includes two basic questions: the question of the earliest text of the twelfth blessing of the central Jewish prayer composed at that time, Birkat haMinim; and the question of the identity of those minim who are cursed in this blessing.In the first section of the book, Yaakov Yanki Teppler analyzes the blessing itself. In the second section, which concerns the question of its principal objects, he sets out on a quest for the characterization of the minim, using all the hundreds of sources which deal with them. Having united these two sections in one framework, a proposal is made as to the identity of the minim. This proposal should provide a coherent basis for further research on this subject, laying a firm foundation for understanding the processes of separation between Judaism and Christianity in this stormy and fascinating period.

Cursing the Christians?
Cursing the Christians?

Author: Ruth Langer

Publisher: OUP USA

Published: 2012-01-12

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 0199783179

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Ruth Langer offers an in-depth study of the birkat haminim, a Jewish prayer for the removal of those categories of human being who prevent the messianic redemption and the society envisioned for it. In its earliest form, the prayer cursed Christians, apostates to Christianity, sectarians, and enemies of Israel. Drawing on the shifting liturgical texts, polemics, and apologetics concerning the prayer, Langer traces the transformation of the birkat haminim from what functioned without question in the medieval world as a Jewish curse of Christians, through its early modern censorship by Christians, to its modern transformation within the Jewish world into a general petition that God remove evil from the world. Christian censorship played a crucial role in this transformation of the prayer; however, Langer argues that the truest transformation in meaning resulted from Jewish integration into Western culture. Eventually, the prayer shed its references to any specific category of human being and lost its function as a curse. Reconciliation between Jews and Christians today requires both communities to confront a long history of prejudice. Ruth Langer shows through the birkat haminim how the history of one liturgical text chronicled Jewish thinking about Christians over hundreds of years.

Rhetoric and Theology
Rhetoric and Theology

Author: William M. Wright

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 3110221632

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This monograph on John 9 makes extensive use of premodern Christian exegesis as a resource for New Testament studies. The study reframes the existing critique of the two-level reading of John 9 as allegory in terms of premodern exegetical practices. It offers a hermeneutical critique of the two-level reading strategy as a kind of figural exegesis, rather than historical reconstruction, through an extensive comparison with Augustine's interpretation of John 9. A review of several premodern Christian readings of John 9 suggests an alternative way of understanding this account in terms of Greco-Roman rhetoric. John 9 resembles the rhetorical argumentation associated with chreia elaboration and the complete argument to display Jesus' identity as the Light of the World. This analysis illustrates the inseparability of form and content, rhetoric and theology, in the Fourth Gospel.

The Word Became Flesh
The Word Became Flesh

Author: Graham Jackman

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2016-12-16

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 1326733648

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The title of this book, taken from John 1:14, is normally taken to refer to the notion of 'incarnation', which understands 'the word' as a pre-existent Son of God and 'becoming flesh' as the transformation of this 'word' from a heavenly, divine existence to the life of a human being. Against this conventional interpretation the author argues that John's use of the term 'word' really does refer to an act of speaking, God's expression of His will, and that 'becoming flesh' describes the realisation or embodiment of His intentions, from creation onward, in a form perceptible to human senses, not only in the 'flesh' of Jesus but also in historical reality in the world of men. This has implications for other aspects of John's Gospel, including its historicity, its literary form, and its relationship to the Old Testament, and leads to very different conclusions about the central issue in John's Gospel, the person of Jesus and his relationship to God the Father and to those who believe in him.

The Didache
The Didache

Author: Jonathan A. Draper

Publisher: SBL Press

Published: 2015-05-31

Total Pages: 651

ISBN-13: 1628370491

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

An intriguing dilemma for those who study ancient Christian contexts and literature This edited volume includes essays and responses from specialists in the Didache and in early church history in general. Features: Strategies for understanding liturgical constructions and ritual worship found in the text Studies that apply generally to the overall content and background of the Didache Essays on the relationship between the Didache and scripture—particularly with respect to the Gospel of Matthew

Jews, Christians and Jewish Christians in Antiquity
Jews, Christians and Jewish Christians in Antiquity

Author: James Carleton Paget

Publisher: Mohr Siebeck

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 570

ISBN-13: 9783161503122

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The book, which consists of some previously published and unpublished essays, examines a variety of issues relevant to the study of ancient Judaism and Christianity and their interaction, including polemic, proselytism, biblical interpretation, messianism, the phenomenon normally described as Jewish Christianity, and the fate of the Jewish community after the Bar Kokhba revolt, a period of considerable importance for the emergence not only of Judaism but also of Christianity. The volume, typically for a collection of essays, does not lay out a particular thesis. If anything binds the collection together, it is the author's attempt to set out the major fault lines in current debate about these disputed subjects, and in the process to reveal their complex and entangled character.

Tax Collector to Gospel Writer
Tax Collector to Gospel Writer

Author: Michael J. Kok

Publisher: Augsburg Fortress Publishers

Published: 2023-02-07

Total Pages: 247

ISBN-13: 1506481086

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Matthew, the tax collector-turned-apostle of Jesus, was identified as a Gospel writer as early as the beginning of the second century CE. Michael J. Kok weighs the internal and external evidence regarding Matthew's authorship of the "Gospel according to Matthew" and the "Gospel according to the Hebrews."

Orthodoxy and Heresy in Early Christian Contexts
Orthodoxy and Heresy in Early Christian Contexts

Author: Paul A. Hartog

Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers

Published: 2015-01-30

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 163087955X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Eighty years ago, Walter Bauer promulgated a bold and provocative thesis about early Christianity. He argued that many forms of Christianity started the race, but one competitor pushed aside the others, until this powerful "orthodox" version won the day. The victors re-wrote history, marginalizing all other perspectives and silencing their voices, even though the alternatives possessed equal right to the title of normative Christianity. Bauer's influence still casts a long shadow on early Christian scholarship. Were heretical movements the original forms of Christianity? Did the heretics outnumber the orthodox? Did orthodox heresiologists accurately portray their opponents? And more fundamentally, how can one make any objective distinction between "heresy" and "orthodoxy"? Is such labeling merely the product of socially situated power? Did numerous, valid forms of Christianity exist without any validating norms of Christianity? This collection of essays, each written by a relevant authority, tackles such questions with scholarly acumen and careful attention to historical, cultural-geographical, and socio-rhetorical detail. Although recognizing the importance of Bauer's critical insights, innovative methodologies, and fruitful suggestions, the contributors expose numerous claims of the Bauer thesis (in both original and recent manifestations) that fall short of the historical evidence. With contributions from: Rodney Decker Carl Smith William Varner Rex Butler Bryan Litfin Brian Shelton David Alexander Edward Smither Glen Thompson

A Theology of John's Gospel and Letters
A Theology of John's Gospel and Letters

Author: Andreas J. Kostenberger

Publisher: Zondervan Academic

Published: 2015-04-28

Total Pages: 657

ISBN-13: 0310523265

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

A Theology of John’s Gospel and Letters introduces the first volume in the BTNT series. Building on many years of research and study in Johannine literature, Andreas Köstenberger not only furnishes an exhaustive theology of John’s Gospel and letters, but also provides a detailed study of major themes and relates them to the Synoptic Gospels and other New Testament books. Readers will gain an in-depth and holistic grasp of Johannine theology in the larger context of the Bible. D. A. Carson (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) says about Köstenberger’s volume that “for the comprehensiveness of its coverage in the field of Johannine theology (Gospel and Letters), there is nothing to compare to this work.” I. Howard Marshall (University of Aberdeen) writes, “This book is a ‘first’ in many ways: the first volume that sets the pattern for the quality and style of the new Biblical Theology of the New Testament series published by Zondervan; the first major volume to be devoted specifically to the theology of John’s Gospel and Letters at a high academic level; and the first volume to do so on the basis that here we have an interpretation of John’s theology composed by an eyewitness of the life and passion of Jesus.” The Biblical Theology of the New Testament Series The Biblical Theology of the New Testament (BTNT) series provides upper college and seminary-level textbooks for students of New Testament theology, interpretation, and exegesis. Pastors and discerning theology readers alike will also benefit from this series. Written at the highest level of academic excellence by recognized experts in the field, the BTNT series not only offers a comprehensive exploration of the theology of every book of the New Testament, including introductory issues and major themes, but also shows how each book relates to the broad picture of New Testament theology.