This is the second edition of the text "Bioreaction Engineering Principles" by Jens Nielsen and John Villadsen, originally published in 1994 by Plenum Press (now part of Kluwer). Time runs fast in Biotechnology, and when Kluwer Plenum stopped reprinting the first edition and asked us to make a second, revised edition we happily accepted. A text on bioreactions written in the early 1990's will not reflect the enormous development of experimental as well as theoretical aspects of cellular reactions during the past decade. In the preface to the first edition we admitted to be newcomers in the field. One of us (JV) has had 10 more years of job training in biotechnology, and the younger author (IN) has now received international recognition for his work with the hottest topics of "modem" biotechnology. Furthermore we are happy to have induced Gunnar Liden, professor of chemical reaction engineering at our sister university in Lund, Sweden to join us as co-author of the second edition. His contribution, especially on the chemical engineering aspects of "real" bioreactors has been of the greatest value. Chapter 8 of the present edition is largely unchanged from the first edition. We wish to thank professor Martin Hjortso from LSU for his substantial help with this chapter.
Alongside presenting the fundamentals, this book reviews the state of the art of mathematical modeling and control of bioprocesses, while demonstrating the application in various biological systems important to industry. At the same time, the application of different types of models and control strategies are illustrated, taking into account the recent developments in reactor modeling. In addition to modeling and control, the metabolic flux analysis and the metabolic design and their application to bioprocesses are considered.
The present text is a complete revision of the 2nd edition from 2003 of the book with the same title. In recognition of the fast pace at which biotechnology is moving we have rewritten several chapters to include new scientific progress in the field from 2000 to 2010. More important we have changed the focus of the book to support its use, not only in universities, but also as a guide to design new processes and equipment in the bio-industry. A new chapter has been included on the prospects of the bio-refinery to replace many of the oil- and gas based processes for production of especially bulk chemicals. This chapter also serves to make students in Chemical Engineering and in the Bio-Sciences enthusiastic about the whole research field. As in previous editions we hope that the book can be used as textbook for classes, even at the undergraduate level, where chemical engineering students come to work side by side with students from biochemistry and microbiology. To help the chemical engineering students Chapter 1 includes a brief review of the most important parts of microbial metabolism. In our opinion this review is sufficient to understand microbial physiology at a sufficiently high level to profit from the rest of the book. Likewise the bio-students will not be overwhelmed by mathematics, but since the objective of the book is to teach quantitative process analysis and process design at a hands-on level some mathematics and model analysis is needed. We hope that the about 100 detailed examples and text notes, together with many instructive problems will be sufficient to illustrate how model analysis is used, also in Bio-reaction Engineering.
The emergence and refinement of techniques in molecular biology has changed our perceptions of medicine, agriculture and environmental management. Scientific breakthroughs in gene expression, protein engineering and cell fusion are being translated by a strengthening biotechnology industry into revolutionary new products and services. Many a student has been enticed by the promise of biotechnology and the excitement of being near the cutting edge of scientific advancement. However, graduates trained in molecular biology and cell manipulation soon realise that these techniques are only part of the picture. Reaping the full benefits of biotechnology requires manufacturing capability involving the large-scale processing of biological material. Increasingly, biotechnologists are being employed by companies to work in co-operation with chemical engineers to achieve pragmatic commercial goals. For many years aspects of biochemistry and molecular genetics have been included in chemical engineering curricula, yet there has been little attempt until recently to teach aspects of engineering applicable to process design to biotechnologists.This textbook is the first to present the principles of bioprocess engineering in a way that is accessible to biological scientists. Other texts on bioprocess engineering currently available assume that the reader already has engineering training. On the other hand, chemical engineering textbooks do not consider examples from bioprocessing, and are written almost exclusively with the petroleum and chemical industries in mind. This publication explains process analysis from an engineering point of view, but refers exclusively to the treatment of biological systems. Over 170 problems and worked examples encompass a wide range of applications, including recombinant cells, plant and animal cell cultures, immobilised catalysts as well as traditional fermentation systems.* * First book to present the principles of bioprocess engineering in a way that is accessible to biological scientists* Explains process analysis from an engineering point of view, but uses worked examples relating to biological systems* Comprehensive, single-authored* 170 problems and worked examples encompass a wide range of applications, involving recombinant plant and animal cell cultures, immobilized catalysts, and traditional fermentation systems* 13 chapters, organized according to engineering sub-disciplines, are groupled in four sections - Introduction, Material and Energy Balances, Physical Processes, and Reactions and Reactors* Each chapter includes a set of problems and exercises for the student, key references, and a list of suggestions for further reading* Includes useful appendices, detailing conversion factors, physical and chemical property data, steam tables, mathematical rules, and a list of symbols used* Suitable for course adoption - follows closely curricula used on most bioprocessing and process biotechnology courses at senior undergraduate and graduate levels.
This book is a short introduction to the engineering principles of harnessing the vast potential of microorganisms, and animal and plant cells in making biochemical products. It was written for scientists who have no background in engineering, and for engineers with minimal background in biology. The overall subject dealt with is process. But the coverage goes beyond the process of biomanufacturing in the bioreactor, and extends to the factory of cell’s biosynthetic machinery. Starting with an overview of biotechnology and organism, engineers are eased into biochemical reactions and life scientists are exposed to the technology of production using cells. Subsequent chapters allow engineers to be acquainted with biochemical pathways, while life scientist learn about stoichiometric and kinetic principles of reactions and cell growth. This leads to the coverage of reactors, oxygen transfer and scale up. Following three chapters on biomanufacturing of current and future importance, i.e. cell culture, stem cells and synthetic biology, the topic switches to product purification, first with a conceptual coverage of operations used in bioseparation, and then a more detailed analysis to provide a conceptual understanding of chromatography, the modern workhorse of bioseparation. Drawing on principles from engineering and life sciences, this book is for practitioners in biotechnology and bioengineering. The author has used the book for a course for advanced students in both engineering and life sciences. To this end, problems are provided at the end of each chapter.
This work provides comprehensive coverage of modern biochemical engineering, detailing the basic concepts underlying the behaviour of bioprocesses as well as advances in bioprocess and biochemical engineering science. It includes discussions of topics such as enzyme kinetics and biocatalysis, microbial growth and product formation, bioreactor design, transport in bioreactors, bioproduct recovery and bioprocess economics and design. A solutions manual is available to instructors only.
Bioprocess Engineering involves the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products such as food, feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chemicals, and polymers and paper from biological materials. It also deals with studying various biotechnological processes. "Bioprocess Kinetics and Systems Engineering" first of its kind contains systematic and comprehensive content on bioprocess kinetics, bioprocess systems, sustainability and reaction engineering. Dr. Shijie Liu reviews the relevant fundamentals of chemical kinetics-including batch and continuous reactors, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, reaction engineering, and bioprocess systems engineering- introducing key principles that enable bioprocess engineers to engage in the analysis, optimization, design and consistent control over biological and chemical transformations. The quantitative treatment of bioprocesses is the central theme of this book, while more advanced techniques and applications are covered with some depth. Many theoretical derivations and simplifications are used to demonstrate how empirical kinetic models are applicable to complicated bioprocess systems. - Contains extensive illustrative drawings which make the understanding of the subject easy - Contains worked examples of the various process parameters, their significance and their specific practical use - Provides the theory of bioprocess kinetics from simple concepts to complex metabolic pathways - Incorporates sustainability concepts into the various bioprocesses
Biotechnology is an expansive field incorporating expertise in both the life science and engineering disciplines. In biotechnology, the scientist is concerned with developing the most favourable biocatalysts, while the engineer is directed towards process performance, defining conditions and strategies that will maximize the production potential of the biocatalyst. Increasingly, the synergistic effect of the contributions of engineering and life sciences is recognised as key to the translation of new bioproducts from the laboratory bench to commercial bioprocess. Fundamental to the successful realization of the bioprocess is a need for process engineers and life scientists competent in evaluating biological systems from a cross-disciplinary viewpoint. Bioprocess engineering aims to generate core competencies through an understanding of the complementary biotechnology disciplines and their interdependence, and an appreciation of the challenges associated with the application of engineering principles in a life science context. Initial chapters focus on the microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology that underpin biocatalyst potential for product accumulation. The following chapters develop kinetic and mass transfer principles that quantify optimum process performance and scale up. The text is wide in scope, relating to bioprocesses using bacterial, fungal and enzymic biocatalysts, batch, fed-batch and continuous strategies and free and immobilised configurations. - Details the application of chemical engineering principles for the development, design, operation and scale up of bioprocesses - Details the knowledge in microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology relevant to bioprocess design, operation and scale up - Discusses the significance of these life sciences in defining optimum bioprocess performance
This book is the admirable result of ten years' experience in organizing and teaching courses in biological reaction engineering. It gives engineers and scientists the information they need to analyze the behavior of complex biological reactors using mathematical equations and a dynamic simulation computer language. Part I treats the fundamentals of modelling (mass balance equations, involving reaction kinetics and mass-transfer rates), making them readily understandable to those new in the field. Part II gives 45 example problems, complete with models and programs. This book is the first of its kind to include a diskette with a commercial simulation language. The diskette can be run on any DOS personal computer. Users will appreciate how the simulation runs can be interrupted for interactive parameter changes and instructive plotting.
Many, if not most, industrially important fermentation and bioreactor operations are carried out in fed-batch mode, producing a wide variety of products. In spite of this, there is no single book that deals with fed-batch operations. This is the first book that presents all the necessary background material regarding the 'what, why and how' of optimal and sub-optimal fed-batch operations. Numerous examples are provided to illustrate the application of optimal fed-batch cultures. This unique book, by world experts with decades of research and industrial experience, is a must for researchers and industrial practitioners of fed-batch processes (modeling, control and optimization) in biotechnology, fermentation, food, pharmaceuticals and waste treatment industries.
