Biomaterials and Cellular Systems at the Forefront of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Biomaterials and Cellular Systems at the Forefront of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Author: Ana Colette Maurício

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Peripheral nerve injuries remain a common clinical complication, and currently available therapies present significant limitations, often resulting in poor and suboptimal outcomes. Despite significant developments in microsurgical approaches in the last decades, no effective treatment options have been disclosed. Current research focuses on the optimization of such microsurgical techniques and on their combination with other pro-regenerative factors, such as mesenchymal stem cells or biomaterials. Mesenchymal stem cells present a remarkable capacity for bioactive molecule production that modulates inflammatory and regenerative processes, stimulating peripheral nerve regeneration. In parallel, efforts have been directed towards the development of biomaterial nerve guidance channels and nerve conduits. These biomaterials have been optimized in terms of biodegradability, ability to release bioactive factors, incorporation of cellular agents, and internal matrix architecture (to enable cellular migration and mimic native tissue morphology and to generate and bear specific electrical activity). The current literature review presents relevant advances in the development of mesenchymal stem cell and biomaterial-based therapeutic approaches aiming at the peripheral nerve tissue regeneration in diverse lesion scenarios, also exploring the advances achieved by our research group in this field in recent years.

Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, the Importance of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies and Biomaterials: State of the Art
Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, the Importance of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies and Biomaterials: State of the Art

Author: Sílvia Santos Pedrosa

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Human adult peripheral nerve injuries are a high incidence clinical problem that greatly affects patients' quality of life. Although peripheral nervous system has intrinsic regenerative capacity, this occurs in an incomplete or poorly functional manner. When a nerve fiber loses its continuity with consequent damage of the basal lamina tubes, axon spontaneous regeneration is disorganized and mismatched. These phenomena translate in an inadequate nerve functional recovery and consequent musculoskeletal incapacity. Nerve grafts still remain the gold standard in peripheral injuries treatment. However, this approach contains its disadvantages such as the necessity of primary surgery to harvest the autografts, loss of a functional nerve, donor site morbidity and longer surgery procedures. Therefore, biomaterials and tissue engineering can provide efficient resources and alternatives to nerve injury repair not only by the development of biocompatible structures but also, introducing neurotrophic factors and cellular systems to stimulate optimum clinical outcome. In this chapter, a comprehensive state-of-the art picture of tissue-engineered nerve grafts scaffolds, their application in nerve regeneration along with latest advances in peripheral nerve repair and future perspectives will be discussed, including our own large experience in this field of knowledge.

Tissue Engineering of the Peripheral Nerve: Biomaterials and Physical Therapy
Tissue Engineering of the Peripheral Nerve: Biomaterials and Physical Therapy

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2013-10-01

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 0124200443

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This issue of International Review of Neurobiology brings together cutting-edge research on tissue engineering of the peripheral nerve. It reviews current knowledge and understanding, provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners entering the field, and builds a platform for further research and discovery. This volume covers the cutting-edge research on tissue engineering of the peripheral nerve

Neural Regenerative Nanomedicine
Neural Regenerative Nanomedicine

Author: Mehdi Razavi

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2020-08-17

Total Pages: 318

ISBN-13: 0128202238

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Neural Regenerative Nanomedicine presents novel, significant, experimental results relating to nanoscience and nanotechnology in neural regeneration. As current research is at the forefront of healing the nervous system, the content in the book focuses on basic, translational and clinical research in neural repair and regeneration. Chapters focus on stem cell biology to advance medical therapies for devastating disorders, the complex, delicate structures that make up the nervous system, and neurodegenerative diseases that cause progressive deterioration, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis and multiple system atrophy. Presents a multidisciplinary focus on all research areas surrounding the applications of nanotechnology in neural regeneration Provides a guide for physician and scientists, including necessary expertise for bioengineers, materials engineers, those in biomaterials and nanoengineering, stem cell biologists, and chemists Covers many disciplines, including bioengineering, biomaterials, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, neural regenerative medicine, and nanomedicine

Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Regeneration
Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

Author: James B. Phillips

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2022-05-26

Total Pages: 612

ISBN-13: 9783030210519

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This updatable book provides an accessible informative overview of the current state of the art in nerve repair research.The introduction includes history of nerve repair research and establishes key concepts and terminology and will be followed by sections that represent the main areas of interest in the field: (1) Biomaterials, (2) Therapeutic Cells, (3) Drug, Gene and Extracellular Vesicle Therapies, (4) Research Models and (5) Clinical Translation. Each section will contain 3 - 6 chapters, capturing the full breadth of relevant technology. Bringing together diverse disciplines under one overarching theme echoes the multidisciplinary approach that underpins modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Each chapter will be written in an accessible manner that will facilitate interest and understanding, providing a comprehensive single reference source. The updatable nature of the work will ensure that it can evolve to accommodate future changes and new technologies. The main readership for this work will be researchers and clinicians based in academic, industrial and healthcare settings all over the world.

Biomaterials and Microfabrication Techniques for Improved Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Biomaterials and Microfabrication Techniques for Improved Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Author: Minjung Song

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 170

ISBN-13:

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Following severe nerve injuries, surgery is required to physically reconnect the injured nerve for regeneration. Auto-grafting is typically considered to be the most effective method, but is problematic in terms of the limited supply of suitable nerves. Various artificial nerve materials are under investigation, but the lack of directional cues, biomolecular support, and the effects of inflammation at injury site limit the complete regeneration. Protein micropatterned surfaces generated by microcontact printing and micron scale plasma-initiated patterning allow the cellular environment to be manipulated by providing chemical and physical cues to neural cells. The first objective of this study is to modify these cues to control neural cell growth. Laminin, a common chemical cue, was modified by RGD conjugation to improve Schwann cell adhesion. This chemical cue modification resulted in improved Schwann cell adhesion and guidance. To change the physical cues, various micropattern dimensions ranging from 10 to 50 [Greek mu]m stripes with a consistent 40 [Greek mu]m space were prepared; neuron growth and guidance was optimal on the 40 [Greek mu]m striped pattern. The second objective was to generate a novel biomolecular gradient system using microfluidic techniques. Controlling the microfluidic channel dimensions, flow rate, and collagen gel properties created a three-dimensional, adhesive gradient within a collagen gel. The specific impact of the biomolecular gradient on neuron growth can be evaluated. The final objective was to utilize non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) based - poly(anhydride-esters) (PAE) for nerve regeneration. These polymers are biodegradable and release NSAIDs upon hydrolytic degradation. The compatibility of four polymers with neurons and Schwann cells was evaluated; the salicylic acid-based PAE (SAA) proved the most biocompatible. The SAA nerve guidance conduit was fabricated and conduit properties characterized. Sufficient mechanical strength and biocompatibility of the conduit was demonstrated. This work demonstrates that nerve regeneration can be enhanced and improved by controlling neural cell guidance using micropatterned surfaces, fabricating a biomolecular gradient system using a microfluidic technique to investigate its impact on neuron growth, and applying drug-containing polymers as a nerve guidance conduit.

Cell-mediated Contraction & Induced Regeneration of the Injured Peripheral Nerve
Cell-mediated Contraction & Induced Regeneration of the Injured Peripheral Nerve

Author: Eric C. Soller

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13:

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Cell-mediated mechanical forces drive closure of severe wounds in adult mammalian organs, including the sciatic nerve following neurotmesis. Without experimental intervention the defect closes rapidly via contraction of transected nerve stumps by a thick, cohesive capsule of myofibroblasts (MFB) and subsequent collagen synthesis (scar), leading to a painful neuroma. Despite considerable progress in regenerating injured peripheral nerves with biomaterials, adequate recovery is generally limited to inter-stump gap lengths of about 20-30 mm in humans. Observations of successful induced regeneration in adults coincide with reduced MFB formation, yet the direct effect of the MFB capsule on nerve regeneration is unknown. According to the pressure cuff theory, a transected peripheral nerve could heal by regeneration, rather than MFB-mediated contraction and scar formation, provided the MFB capsule size (and corresponding cellular forces applied) are reduced. A well-characterized library of type I collagen tubular scaffolds with identical chemical composition and pore size, and varying degradation rate was used to evaluate the ability of a porous scaffold to block MFB contraction after injury in a demanding model of peripheral nerve regeneration in the adult rat. At 9 weeks post-neurotmesis, the MFB capsule thickness, 5, around the regenerating nerve was measured and the correlation with several quantitative measures of the quality of nerve regeneration, Q, was evaluated. A negative, statistically significant association was observed between the contractile capsule thickness, 6, and the quality of axonal regeneration, Q, (consisting of measures of regenerate area, the number of myelinated fibers, and the number of largediameter fibers) at 9 weeks post-sciatic neurotmesis. This constitutes the strongest evidence to date that capsules of contractile MFB antagonize induced regeneration of severely injured peripheral nerves in the adult mammal. Collagen devices of intermediate degradation rate minimized 5 and maximized Q. Reduced contractile cell presence and disrupted organization inside moderately cross-linked scaffolds that consequently degraded at an intermediate rate, but not in highly cross-linked scaffolds that degraded at very low rate, support the hypothesis of cell escape from the wound (making use of scaffold permeability) as a mechanism for scaffold regenerative activity.