Beyond Two Parties
Beyond Two Parties

Author: Dan Eckam

Publisher:

Published: 2019-11-25

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 9781734255706

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The U.S. two-party system is unique among populous Western-style democracies in its exclusion of minor parties. It is truly a duopoly, a "cornered market" - at the federal level, no third party has been elected to a congressional seat since 1948. The last time fewer than 95 percent of seats went to Democrats and Republicans was in 1896. Yet the main parties did change in the 1850s, and there were many times during the 19th century that several parties were represented in Congress. In Beyond Two Parties, Dan Eckam explores how our party system has changed over time and how the way we vote influences it. Alternative voting methods, such as ranked-choice voting, exert a strong and well-understood influence on the number of parties in the system. Using informative charts, tables and diagrams, along with numerous scholarly references, he explains why our party system is so different from other countries' and how it could be changed by adopting a different voting system - with no constitutional amendments required. Using many examples, the author makes a strong case for why we should change to a multiparty system - beginning with an analysis of the two-party system's shortcomings. These include an inherent potential for hijackings, hostage-takings and corruption, thus falling short of the responsiveness and responsibility a great republic should be able to expect from government. He explains how a multiparty system would do a better job of representing the people's interests, and how it would bring benefits ranging from clearer policy positions to improved voter turnout and an end to gerrymandering. Most importantly, by giving voters more choices, such a system would increase competition and thus improve accountability. Despite the many advantages of a multiparty system, some people still defend the two-party system - including elected leaders who have gained their positions under it. In Beyond Two Parties, Eckam engages with their arguments, and offers rebuttals and strategies voters can use to help bring about reform. In combining well-established science with a compelling argument for improving American democracy, the book offers both an insightful analysis and a resource for reformers.

Uncivil Agreement
Uncivil Agreement

Author: Lilliana Mason

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2018-04-16

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13: 022652468X

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The psychology behind political partisanship: “The kind of research that will change not just how you think about the world but how you think about yourself.” —Ezra Klein, Vox Political polarization in America has moved beyond disagreements about matters of policy. For the first time in decades, research has shown that members of both parties hold strongly unfavorable views of their opponents. This is polarization rooted in social identity, and it is growing. The campaign and election of Donald Trump laid bare this fact of the American electorate, its successful rhetoric of “us versus them” tapping into a powerful current of anger and resentment. With Uncivil Agreement, Lilliana Mason looks at the growing social gulf across racial, religious, and cultural lines, which have recently come to divide neatly between the two major political parties. She argues that group identifications have changed the way we think and feel about ourselves and our opponents. Even when Democrats and Republicans can agree on policy outcomes, they tend to view one other with distrust and to work for party victory over all else. Although the polarizing effects of social divisions have simplified our electoral choices and increased political engagement, they have not been a force that is, on balance, helpful for American democracy. Bringing together theory from political science and social psychology, Uncivil Agreement clearly describes this increasingly “social” type of polarization, and adds much to our understanding of contemporary politics.

Breaking the Two-party Doom Loop
Breaking the Two-party Doom Loop

Author: Lee Drutman

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 0190913851

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American democracy is in deep crisis. But what do we do about it? That depends on how we understand the current threat.In Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop, Lee Drutman argues that we now have, for the first time in American history, a genuine two-party system, with two fully-sorted, truly national parties, divided over the character of the nation. And it's a disaster. It's a party system fundamentally at odds withour anti-majoritarian, compromise-oriented governing institutions. It threatens the very foundations of fairness and shared values on which our democracy depends.Deftly weaving together history, democratic theory, and cutting-edge political science research, Drutman tells the story of how American politics became so toxic and why the country is now trapped in a doom loop of escalating two-party warfare from which there is only one escape: increase the numberof parties through electoral reform. As he shows, American politics was once stable because the two parties held within them multiple factions, which made it possible to assemble flexible majorities and kept the climate of political combat from overheating. But as conservative Southern Democrats andliberal Northeastern Republicans disappeared, partisan conflict flattened and pulled apart. Once the parties became fully nationalized - a long-germinating process that culminated in 2010 - toxic partisanship took over completely. With the two parties divided over competing visions of nationalidentity, Democrats and Republicans no longer see each other as opponents, but as enemies. And the more the conflict escalates, the shakier our democracy feels.Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop makes a compelling case for large scale electoral reform - importantly, reform not requiring a constitutional amendment - that would give America more parties, making American democracy more representative, more responsive, and ultimately more stable.

The Federalist Papers
The Federalist Papers

Author: Alexander Hamilton

Publisher: Read Books Ltd

Published: 2018-08-20

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 1528785878

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Classic Books Library presents this brand new edition of “The Federalist Papers”, a collection of separate essays and articles compiled in 1788 by Alexander Hamilton. Following the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776, the governing doctrines and policies of the States lacked cohesion. “The Federalist”, as it was previously known, was constructed by American statesman Alexander Hamilton, and was intended to catalyse the ratification of the United States Constitution. Hamilton recruited fellow statesmen James Madison Jr., and John Jay to write papers for the compendium, and the three are known as some of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Alexander Hamilton (c. 1755–1804) was an American lawyer, journalist and highly influential government official. He also served as a Senior Officer in the Army between 1799-1800 and founded the Federalist Party, the system that governed the nation’s finances. His contributions to the Constitution and leadership made a significant and lasting impact on the early development of the nation of the United States.

Between the World and Me
Between the World and Me

Author: Ta-Nehisi Coates

Publisher: One World

Published: 2015-07-14

Total Pages: 163

ISBN-13: 0679645985

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#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NATIONAL BOOK AWARD WINNER • NAMED ONE OF TIME’S TEN BEST NONFICTION BOOKS OF THE DECADE • PULITZER PRIZE FINALIST • NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD FINALIST • ONE OF OPRAH’S “BOOKS THAT HELP ME THROUGH” • NOW AN HBO ORIGINAL SPECIAL EVENT Hailed by Toni Morrison as “required reading,” a bold and personal literary exploration of America’s racial history by “the most important essayist in a generation and a writer who changed the national political conversation about race” (Rolling Stone) NAMED ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL BOOKS OF THE DECADE BY CNN • NAMED ONE OF PASTE’S BEST MEMOIRS OF THE DECADE • NAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • O: The Oprah Magazine • The Washington Post • People • Entertainment Weekly • Vogue • Los Angeles Times • San Francisco Chronicle • Chicago Tribune • New York • Newsday • Library Journal • Publishers Weekly In a profound work that pivots from the biggest questions about American history and ideals to the most intimate concerns of a father for his son, Ta-Nehisi Coates offers a powerful new framework for understanding our nation’s history and current crisis. Americans have built an empire on the idea of “race,” a falsehood that damages us all but falls most heavily on the bodies of black women and men—bodies exploited through slavery and segregation, and, today, threatened, locked up, and murdered out of all proportion. What is it like to inhabit a black body and find a way to live within it? And how can we all honestly reckon with this fraught history and free ourselves from its burden? Between the World and Me is Ta-Nehisi Coates’s attempt to answer these questions in a letter to his adolescent son. Coates shares with his son—and readers—the story of his awakening to the truth about his place in the world through a series of revelatory experiences, from Howard University to Civil War battlefields, from the South Side of Chicago to Paris, from his childhood home to the living rooms of mothers whose children’s lives were taken as American plunder. Beautifully woven from personal narrative, reimagined history, and fresh, emotionally charged reportage, Between the World and Me clearly illuminates the past, bracingly confronts our present, and offers a transcendent vision for a way forward.

Beyond Donkeys and Elephants
Beyond Donkeys and Elephants

Author: Richard Davis

Publisher: University Press of Kansas

Published: 2020-05-25

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 0700629289

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Confronted with two historically unpopular presidential candidates, the American electorate in 2016 delivered a shock to the political system. Less noted, amid the drama of Donald Trump’s victory, was the substantial share of the vote won by minor parties and independent candidates—one of whom, Libertarian Gary Johnson, put in the best third-party performance since Ross Perot’s 1996 Reform Party bid. Even more surprising, at the state-level minor-party candidates made greater inroads, in some states combining to win over 10 percent of the vote. At a time of increasing dissatisfaction with a two-party system, this book provides a much-needed look at the current political party alternatives in the United States. In Beyond Donkeys and Elephants, the chapter authors survey the present political landscape but also delve into the history of third parties and consider their likely directions and prospects looking forward. The most comprehensive account ever written of contemporary minor political parties in the United States, Beyond Donkeys and Elephants covers parties at the national, regional, and state levels. It discusses the well-known alternatives—including the Green, Constitution, and Libertarian Parties—as well as niche state-level parties such as the Mountain Party in West Virginia, the Vermont Progressive Party, the Moderate Party of Rhode Island, and the United Utah Party. This book also places the current resurgence of minor parties in historical context, examining the larger political forces at play. With its case studies past and present, its insights into the formation and nature of minor parties, and its in-depth analysis of why and when such parties emerge, this book affords readers across the political spectrum a unique opportunity to understand and evaluate alternatives as the two-party system undergoes ever greater strains in the coming years.

Golden Rule
Golden Rule

Author: Thomas Ferguson

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2011-08-15

Total Pages: 439

ISBN-13: 022616201X

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"To discover who rules, follow the gold." This is the argument of Golden Rule, a provocative, pungent history of modern American politics. Although the role big money plays in defining political outcomes has long been obvious to ordinary Americans, most pundits and scholars have virtually dismissed this assumption. Even in light of skyrocketing campaign costs, the belief that major financial interests primarily determine who parties nominate and where they stand on the issues—that, in effect, Democrats and Republicans are merely the left and right wings of the "Property Party"—has been ignored by most political scientists. Offering evidence ranging from the nineteenth century to the 1994 mid-term elections, Golden Rule shows that voters are "right on the money." Thomas Ferguson breaks completely with traditional voter centered accounts of party politics. In its place he outlines an "investment approach," in which powerful investors, not unorganized voters, dominate campaigns and elections. Because businesses "invest" in political parties and their candidates, changes in industrial structures—between large firms and sectors—can alter the agenda of party politics and the shape of public policy. Golden Rule presents revised versions of widely read essays in which Ferguson advanced and tested his theory, including his seminal study of the role played by capital intensive multinationals and international financiers in the New Deal. The chapter "Studies in Money Driven Politics" brings this aspect of American politics into better focus, along with other studies of Federal Reserve policy making and campaign finance in the 1936 election. Ferguson analyzes how a changing world economy and other social developments broke up the New Deal system in our own time, through careful studies of the 1988 and 1992 elections. The essay on 1992 contains an extended analysis of the emergence of the Clinton coalition and Ross Perot's dramatic independent insurgency. A postscript on the 1994 elections demonstrates the controlling impact of money on several key campaigns. This controversial work by a theorist of money and politics in the U.S. relates to issues in campaign finance reform, PACs, policymaking, public financing, and how today's elections work.

The Tyranny of the Two-Party System
The Tyranny of the Two-Party System

Author: Lisa J. Disch

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 2002-05-07

Total Pages: 215

ISBN-13: 0231504675

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The closely contested presidential election of 2000, which many analysts felt was decided by voters for the Green Party, cast a spotlight on a structural contradiction of American politics. Critics charged that Green Party voters inadvertently contributed to the election of a conservative Republican president because they chose to "vote their conscience" rather than "choose between two evils." But why this choice of two? Is the two-party system of Democrats and Republicans an immutable and indispensable aspect of our democracy? Lisa Disch maintains that it is not. There is no constitutional warrant for two parties, and winner-take-all elections need not set third parties up to fail. She argues that the two-party system as we know it dates only to the twentieth century and that it thwarts democracy by wasting the votes and silencing the voices of dissenters. The Tyranny of the Two-Party System reexamines a once popular nineteenth-century strategy called fusion, in which a dominant-party candidate ran on the ballots of both the established party and a third party. In the nineteenth century fusion made possible something that many citizens wish were possible today: to register a protest vote that counts and that will not throw the election to the establishment candidate they least prefer. The book concludes by analyzing the 2000 presidential election as an object lesson in the tyranny of the two-party system and with suggestions for voting experiments to stimulate participation and make American democracy responsive to a broader range of citizens.

The Broken Two-Party System
The Broken Two-Party System

Author: Robert Alex

Publisher:

Published: 2019-08-16

Total Pages: 54

ISBN-13: 9781977215253

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Robert Alex's The Broken Two Party System is a calm, clear-minded, unbiased analysis of the root causes of the often vicious partisan politics we see around us today in the American political landscape. A recent Gallup Poll showed that seventy-seven percent of Americans see the country as divided. More startling yet, a quarter of all Republican parents and twenty percent of all Democrats would be upset if their child married someone who supported the other party. Vicious partisan politics is causing the great divide in the country. Robert Alex makes an intelligent and convincing case that our two party system itself is at the core of the political and social strife we as a nation are experiencing today. He pinpoints the exact reason a binary, two party system is doomed to failure -- an idea shared by our Founding Fathers - and traces the stranglehold domination two party politics have had on American politics since 1797, the end of George Washington's presidency. Robert Alex reminds us that the first president himself refused to be a member of any political party. He, like most of his compatriots, railed against any two party system and worried about the ease with which it would compound those most undesirable aspects of human nature. However, by the inauguration of the second president, John Adams, Federalist and Anti-federalist factions had formed into two political parties. We've been at the mercy of a two party system ever since. Only one alternative party candidate has ever been elected president, Abraham Lincoln, in his second term. With the passing of the 16th and 17th Amendments -- which switched the election of senators from state legislatures to popular vote and then gave them unlimited funding through the country's first income tax - the monopoly of the two party system was assured. Shortly thereafter a new character was introduced onto the stage of American politics, the long term career politician. The use of power by these career Senators and Representatives has become entrenched through their own, often corrupt personal political dynasties, and they now have a vested interest in keeping a two party system that bars any competition. There is, in fact, more political corruption today than ever before, Alex reports. In the last forty years more federal congressmen have been officially expelled, censured or reprimanded for financial crimes than any time in our history. The solution - just as Lincoln did during the divisive atmosphere of the Civil War - is switching to a multi-party political system. It is what is needed, and it is what the public wants. Sixty-one percent of Americans are in favor of a third party. Half of all Millennials no longer identify as either a Democrat or Republican. The Broken Two Party System offers the five straightforward steps we need to take to implement a multi-party system. Three would make an immediate difference. Two are more long term. Altogether they would provide higher voter turnout and a greater representation of the diverse elements in today's society. Robert Alex understands, too, just who the first converts need to be in order to quickly bring into play these changes, changes needed to restore the country to the ideal envisioned by the Founding Fathers and the Constitution.