LSD has a controversial and extraordinary reputation, due to the special effects it can induce on human consciousness.This book is the first ever comprehensive review of the psychological and pharmacological effects of LSD. It draws on data from more than 3000 experimental and clinical studies.
Appraisal is a central notion in current theory. A process of appraisal can be considered the key to understanding that emotions differ for different individuals. Assuming a process of appraisal that mediates between events and emotions is the clue to understanding that a particular event evokes an emotion in one individual and not in another, or evokes an emotion at one moment, and no emotion, or a weaker or stronger one, at another moment. A process of appraisal also explains why an emotionally charged event elicits this particular emotion, and not another one, in this particular individual under these particular conditions. The process of appraisal accounts for the fact that the arousal of an emotion depends upon the meaning of the event for the individual and explains why the emotion that is evoked often depends upon quite subtle aspects of that meaning. Arousal of emotions is determined by the interaction between events, the individual's conceptions or expectations as to what constitutes well-being for him or her and the individual's expectations that he or she will be able to deal or cope with the event and, if so, in what manner or how effectively. To deal with these issues the notion of appraisal was developed in the early 1960s. In the early 1980s, a torrent of theoretical and empirical work broke loose in which the cognitive variables involved were spelled out in great detail. A large number of theoretical and empirical studies from quite diverse laboratories generated a highly cumulative body of research. However, it also generated disagreements, important questions (such as those regarding the importance of the place of cognition in emotion), and methodological objections. Also, few accounts were produced of the processes by which appraisal is supposed to operate. This Special Issue is one endeavour to take stock of the findings and problems concerning appraisal. It is called "Appraisal and Beyond," because it invited, and received, from leading contributors to the field, state'of'the'art reports of appraisal research, critical comments and suggestions that should carry the theory further.
This volume comprises ten papers presented as plenary lectures on the occasion of the Second World Congress of the International Society of Applied Psycholinguistics (ISAPL) at the University of Kassel, Germany, from July 27 — 31, 1987. The articles collected in this volume focus on the production, comprehension, and acquisition of languages from various empirical and theoretical points of view. This volume is case-based in that it does not claim to cover the full range of present-day psycholinguistic enquiry. It attempts, though, to make a case out of a representational variety of psycholinguistic phenomena, which might provide a window on a unified theory of language production, comprehension, and acquisition. From this perspective this volume aims at the presentation and discussion of various cases which, through analogical reasoning, may serve to shed light on and to solve new cases.
This volume critically evaluates the present state of research in the domain of inferences in text processing and indicates new areas of research.The book is structured around the following theoretical aspects: - The representational aspect is concerned with the cognitive structure produced by the processed text, e.g. the social, spatial, and motor characteristics of world knowledge. - The procedural aspect investigates the time relationships on forming inferences, e.g. the point of time at which referential relations are constructed. - The contextual aspect reflects the dependence of inferences on the communicative embedding of text processing, e.g. on factors of modality and instruction.
This 1993 book provides a survey of the development of scientific disciplines and technical projects under National Socialism in Germany. Each contribution addresses a different aspect which is important for judging the interaction between science, technology and National Socialism. In particular, the personal conduct of individual scientists and engineers as well as the functionality of certain theories and projects are examined. All essays share a common theme: continuity and discontinuity. All authors cover a period from the Weimar Republic to the post-war period. This unanimity of approach provides answers to major questions about the nature of Hitler's regime and about possible lines of continuity in science and technology which may transcend political upheaval. The book is also the most comprehensive to date on this subject, and includes essays on engineering, geography, biology, psychology, physics, mathematics, and science policy.