This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene. The process examined is similar to UOP hydrodealkylation (THDA) process. In this process, fuel is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Reissued Patent RE38532, reissued to Chevron Phillips in 2004 (2) US Patent 4058452, issued to UOP in 1977 Keywords: On-Purpose Benzene Production, UOP, Aromatics, BTX, Thermal Dealkylation
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene. The process examined is similar to CB&I Lummus Detol process for toluene hydrodealkylation. In this process, toluene is converted into benzene and mixed xylenes. A mixed xylenes stream is generated as a by-product of this process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "DETOL®, LITOL®, and PYROTOL® Hydrodealkylation", Tech Sheet, CB&I Lummus Technology (2) "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: On-Purpose Benzene Production, Houdry, Aromatics, BTX, Catalytic Dealkylation
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene. The process examined is a typical selective toluene disproportionation process (STDP). In the STDP, toluene is converted into benzene and xylenes (mainly, p-xylene). Benzene is recovered from the reactor output via distillation and p-Xylene is separated as a by-product using a crystallization unit. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7230152, issued to UOP in 2007 (2) US Patent 4097543, issued to ExxonMobil in 1978 Keywords: Aromatics, BTX, ExxonMobil PxMax, UOP Px Plus, GTC GT-STDP
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from toluene. The process examined is a typical toluene disproportionation process (TDP). In this process, mixed xylenes are generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Aromatics, BTX, ExxonMobil MDTP-3, UOP Tatoray, Toray
The continuous growth of knowledege makes it very difficult for scientists to retrieve comprehensive and accurate data on viruses. The desired information is often dispersed in a variety of books, journals and online resources. This encyclopedia presents the latest facts about all known viruses in a standardized form created by hundreds of the world's leading virologists. Virus taxonomy represents the basic framework that allows an understanding of the complex evolutionary process that continuously takes place among viruses and their hosts. Each of the 300 taxonomically ordered chapters includes detailed information on individual genus members, historical events, the hosts they can affect (animal, man or plant), virion morphology, genome properties, replication strategy, properties of individual transcripts and proteins, sequence accession numbers, biological properties, diseases, recombinant vector constructs, vaccine strains, key references, as well as a high-resolution particle image and a drawing of the genome organization. Its high content of easily accessible detailed information makes this Encyclopedia an indispensable tool for both researchers and lecturers. The new edition includes the recent discoveries made in this field as well as new viruses which have been discovered.
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from reformate. The process examined is a typical sulfolane liquid-liquid extraction process. In this process, sulfolane is the solvent used in the extraction process. Toluene and mixed xylenes are generated as by-products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Shell, UOP, Axens, Liquid-Liquid Solvent Extraction, BTX Distillation, Aromatics, Tetramethylene Sulfone, Tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-Dioxide, LLE
This volume chronicles the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Silanes and Other Coupling Agents held under the aegis of MST Conferences, LLC in Orlando, FL, June 11-13, 2003. Silanes have been used for about half a century as coupling agents / adhesion promoters to promote adhesion between dissimilar materials in a variety of situations, e.g., coating technology, adhesive bonding, and reinforced composites. However, recently silanes have found other applications, for example, as corrosion inhibitors. Lately there has been tremendous R&D activity in understanding the mechanisms by which silanes work as well as in devising new and improved silanes. This volume contains a total of 16 papers which were properly peer reviewed, revised and edited. The book is divided into two parts: 1. Silane Coupling Agents; and 2. Other Coupling Agents / Adhesion Promoters. Topics covered include: sterically hindered silanes; silane hydrolysis; silane oligomers; adsorption of silanes and their surface characterization; structure of bis-silane water-barrier films; silanes for improving adhesive bonding of aluminim, elastomer-to-metal adhesive bonds, and adhesion in silica-filler tire-tread compounds; electrodeposition of bis-silanes; silanes to provide corrosion resistance and as corrosion fatigue inhibitors; silane and other treatments for musical instrument strings; cyclic azasilanes as coupling agents for nanotechnology; hybrid polymers based on silanes for coating textile fabrics; plasma copolymers as adhesion promoters; organophosphate adsorption; and activation of wood fibres. This volume and its predecessors containing bountiful information should serve as a reference source for the latest R&D activity in the arena of coupling agents. Anyone interested or involved in promoting adhesion between dissimilar materials for any application should find this volume of great use and value.
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from pyrolysis gasoline (pygas). The process examined is a typical hydrodealkylation process, also called bulk dealkylation process. First pygas is fractionated into 3 hydrocarbon cuts, a C5s stream and a heavies stream are generated as by-products. The remaining C6-C8 fraction is then directed to the hydrodealkylation step, in which the aromatics content in the process stream are converted into benzene This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Aromatics, BTX, Diprolene, Toluene, Xylene, Houdry Pyrotol, Mitsubishi MHC, Bulk Dealkylation, CB&I Lummus
Here is a thoroughly revised edition of the most comprehensive guide to plastics, elastomers and composites available today. A standard reference, it provides current data, costs & properties for all designers and manufacturers of plastic products.
