This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from pyrolysis gasoline (pygas) The process examined is a typical extractive distillation process. First pygas is fractionated into 3 hydrocarbon cuts, a C5s stream and a heavies stream are generated as by-products. The remaining C6s fraction is then fed to an extractive distillation system to recover benzene. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: BTX, Aromatics, Hydrotreatment, Diprolene, Distapex, Lurgi, ED
This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from mixed xylenes. The process examined is a xylene isomerization process with ethylbenzene (EB) isomerization. In this process, a mixture of C8 aromatics (mixed xylenes) containing xylene isomers and EB is sent to an adsorption unit for the recovery of p-Xylene. The remaining xylenes as well as the ethylbenzene are isomerized and the product from isomerization is recycled to the adsorption unit. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, UOP, PAREX, Isomar, Axens, Eluxyl, ExxonMobil, Oparis, MHAI
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable. - Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics - Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies - Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining
Chemical Reaction Engineering: Essentials, Exercises and Examples presents the essentials of kinetics, reactor design and chemical reaction engineering for undergraduate students. Concise and didactic in its approach, it features over 70 resolved examples and many exercises.The work is organized in two parts: in the first part kinetics is presented
Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. This book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic/waste oil, waste plastics/coal, and waste plastics/rubber.
In this first volume, the reader will find, collected and condensed, the information needed to characterize, analyze, and evaluate crude oils from different origins and their corresponding petroleum cuts as well. The characteristics and specifications of all the petroleum products along with their simplified process flowsheets are reviewed.Contents: 1. Composition of crude oils and petroleum products. 2. Fractionation and elemental analysis of crude oils and petroleum cuts. 3. Characterization of crude oils and petroleum fractions. 4. Methods for the calculation of hydrocarbon physical properties. 5. Characteristics of petroleum products for energy use (motor fuels - heating fuels). 6. Characteristics of non-fuel petroleum products. 7. Standards and specifications of petroleum products. 8. Evaluation of crude oils. 9. Additives for motor fuels and lubricants. 10. Introduction to refining. Appendices: Principal characteristics of pure components. Principal standard test methods for petroleum products. References. Index.
This report presents a cost analysis of Benzene production from pyrolysis gasoline (pygas). The process examined is a typical hydrodealkylation process, also called bulk dealkylation process. First pygas is fractionated into 3 hydrocarbon cuts, a C5s stream and a heavies stream are generated as by-products. The remaining C6-C8 fraction is then directed to the hydrodealkylation step, in which the aromatics content in the process stream are converted into benzene This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Benzene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Aromatics, BTX, Diprolene, Toluene, Xylene, Houdry Pyrotol, Mitsubishi MHC, Bulk Dealkylation, CB&I Lummus
This volume describes the characteristics of processes used in petroleum refining: upgrading light fractions (reforming and isomerization), converting distillates (catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, and associated equipment), converting residues (visbreaking, coking hydroconversion), and reducing air and water pollution (white product sweetening, acid gas, stack gas, and waste water treatment). This book is available in French Under the title "le raffinage du pétrole. Tome 3. Procédés de transformation". Contents : 1. Introduction. 2. Basic principles governing chemical changes. 3. Industrial catalysts. 4. Catalytic reforming. 5. Catalytic cracking. 6. Isomerization of light paraffins. 7. Aliphatic alkylation. 8. Olefin etherification. 9. Oligomerization. 10. Hydrocracking. 11. Visbreaking of residues. 12. Coking. 13. Residue hydroconversion. 14. Hydrogen production. 15. White products refining by sweetening. 16. Hydrotreating. 17. Acid gas treatment. 18. Desulfurization of stack gases. 19. Water treatment. References. Index.
In this first volume, the reader will find, collected and condensed, the information needed to characterize, analyze, and evaluate crude oils from different origins and their corresponding petroleum cuts as well. The characteristics and specifications of all the petroleum products along with their simplified process flowsheets are reviewed.Contents: 1. Composition of crude oils and petroleum products. 2. Fractionation and elemental analysis of crude oils and petroleum cuts. 3. Characterization of crude oils and petroleum fractions. 4. Methods for the calculation of hydrocarbon physical properties. 5. Characteristics of petroleum products for energy use (motor fuels - heating fuels). 6. Characteristics of non-fuel petroleum products. 7. Standards and specifications of petroleum products. 8. Evaluation of crude oils. 9. Additives for motor fuels and lubricants. 10. Introduction to refining. Appendices: Principal characteristics of pure components. Principal standard test methods for petroleum products. References. Index.
