Behavioural and Evoked Potential Measures of Auditory Processing In Adults and Children with Unilateral Hearing Loss (UHL)
Behavioural and Evoked Potential Measures of Auditory Processing In Adults and Children with Unilateral Hearing Loss (UHL)

Author: Oscar Cañete Sepulveda

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13:

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Aims: Aims of this doctoral thesis were to 1) investigate the effects of a unilateral hearing loss (UHL) in adults and children examining several auditory abilities such as localising sound, recognising speech in noise and self-perception of hearing disability in daily life contexts due to this condition, 2) measure cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) elicited by speech sounds to explore the effects of UHL on brain responses, 3) compare group performance between normal hearing controls and the study group for behavioural and electrophysiological measures, 4) examine auditory function over time in a child with single sided deafness who received a cochlear implant and 5) monitor the pattern of change over time in an adult who had a sudden onset of single side deafness after acoustic neuroma removal and to determine the impact of his hearing device use on auditory function. Methods: Auditory skills were assessed using tests of sound localisation, spatial speech perception in noise, and self-ratings of auditory abilities (abbreviated 7-item version of Listening Inventory for Education, LIFE-7 NZ; Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire, SSQ; and Auditory Behaviour in Everyday Life, ABEL). CAEPs in noise (+5 dB signal to noise ratio) elicited by consonant-vowel naturally produced speech sounds were recorded. Performance of children and adults with UHL were compared with normal hearing participants' results. Results: Adults and children with UHL had major, statistically significant difficulties compared to controls recognising speech in noise even when the signal was directed to the good ear, with difficulties more evident for children. Sound localisation was affected by UHL for both adults and children, however there was greater variability in children, particularly for the right ear. Adults and children reported higher levels of hearing difficulties in everyday life listening situations compared to controls. Activities which require concentration and attention were reported as the most challenging (indicating high listening effort). Brain responses showed differential changes as a function of the age. Adults with a right ear hearing loss (left ear stimulus presentation, to the better ear) showed a more symmetric hemisphere activity (N1 response) across all stimuli. CAEPs for adults with a left ear hearing loss were similar to normal hearing controls as these participants showed larger activity for electrodes located over the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear (right ear presentation). Normal hearing children showed a left hemisphere dominance (P1 cortical response) regardless of the ear of stimulus presentation, and larger responses at frontal and central locations. Children with UHL did not show this dominance. Overall, for left ear UHL, P1 responses were smaller compared to right ear UHL. N250 responses were larger frontally in normal hearing children, whereas children with left ear UHL had more symmetric CAEP activity. Conclusions: People with UHL have a range of listening difficulties such as localising sound in the horizontal plane and recognising speech in noise. Children and adults and the children's parents reported difficulties in different contexts. Questionnaire data indicated that the ability to recognise speech in different contexts and spatial hearing were perceived as most affected by a UHL for adults. Children reported difficulties in school settings mainly for noisy situations. Participants with UHL reported higher levels of need for concentration or attention during listening activities. CAEPs showed changes within the auditory cortex for children and adults. Atypical responses were observed for both groups compared to normal hearing individuals. CAEPs would be a useful tool for assessing auditory cortical function in people with UHL, providing information about the status of the neural encoding of the auditory signals to support the behavioural evidence for auditory difficulties in this population.

Auditory-verbal Therapy for Young Children with Hearing Loss and Their Families and the Practitioners who Guide Them
Auditory-verbal Therapy for Young Children with Hearing Loss and Their Families and the Practitioners who Guide Them

Author: Warren Estabrooks

Publisher: Plural Publishing

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781597568883

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Auditory-verbal therapy : an overview / Warren Estabrooks, Karen MacIver-Lux, Ellen A. Rhoades, and Stacey R. Lim -- Hearing, listening, the brain, and auditory-verbal therapy / Carol Flexer and Ellen A. Rhoades -- Evaluating the research and examining outcomes of auditory-verbal therapy : moving from evidence-based to evidence-informed practice / Alice Eriks-Brophy, Hillary Ganek, and Glynnis DuBois -- Audiology : implications for auditory-verbal therapy / Carolyne Edwards -- Hearing aids and auditory-verbal therapy / Ryan W. McCreery and Elizabeth A. Walker -- Implantable hearing technologies and auditory-verbal therapy / Jace Wolfe and Sara Neumann -- Assistive hearing and access technologies and auditory-verbal therapy / Samuel R. Atcherson, Tina Childress, and Sarah Warren Kennett -- Milestones in auditory-verbal development : auditory processing, speech, language, emergent literacy, play, and theory of mind / Karen MacIver-Lux, Stacey R. Lim, Ellen A. Rhoades, Lyn Robertson, Rosie Quayle, and Louise Honck -- Emergent literacy in children with hearing loss and auditory-verbal therapy / Lyn Robertson and Denise Wray -- Strategies for listening, talking and thinking in auditory-verbal therapy / Ellen A. Rhoades, Warren Estabrooks, Stacey R. Lim, and Karen MacIver-Lux -- Parent coaching strategies in auditory-verbal therapy / Ellen A. Rhoades and Karen MacIver-Lux -- Blueprint of an auditory-verbal therapy session / Warren Estabrooks, Louise Honck, Karen MacIver-Lux, and Rosie Quayle -- Auditory-verbal therapy in action : step-by-step session plans / Warren Estabrooks, Louise Honck, Sally Tannenbaum-Katsaggelos, Maria Emilia (Mila) de Melo, Becky Crow Clem, David Sindrey, Lisa Katz, Karen MacIver-Lux, and Pamela Steacie -- Children with complex hearing issues and auditory-verbal therapy / Stacey R. Lim and Karen MacIver-Lux -- Inclusion at school and auditory-verbal therapy / Ellen A. Rhoades, Karen MacIver-Lux, and Stacey R. Lim -- Professional partnerships and auditory-verbal therapy / Warren Estabrooks, Dale V. Atkins, Ariella Blum Samson, Stacey R. Lim, Wendy D. Visser, Rebecca A. Siomra, Jennifer K. Sansom, and Ellen Yack -- Family journeys in auditory-verbal therapy : stories from twelve countries / Warren Estabrooks

Auditory & Visual Processing Disorders In Kids
Auditory & Visual Processing Disorders In Kids

Author: Josef Canino

Publisher:

Published: 2021-05-13

Total Pages: 78

ISBN-13:

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Visual and auditory processing are the processes of recognizing and interpreting information taken in through the senses of sight and sound. Although there are many types of perception, the two most common areas of difficulty involved with a learning disability are visual and auditory perception. With tons of in the field, tried and tested methods by many teachers and parents, these approved strategies will help: -Better address classroom disruptive behavior -Better engage the child while learning at school or at home -Deal with the child's homework frustration -Better control of impulses and emotions-Better analytical thinking -Better self regulation -Improve reading skills -Improve memory retention -Improve independent learning skills -Improve the child's self confidence -Enable the child to have fun while learning -And more

RELEASE FROM MASKING: BEHAVIORAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES IN YOUNG AND OLDER LISTENERS.
RELEASE FROM MASKING: BEHAVIORAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES IN YOUNG AND OLDER LISTENERS.

Author: Sarah P Faucette

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 323

ISBN-13:

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Difficulty listening to speech under challenging conditions is the main complaint of audiology patients. Researchers have explored the cause of this concern, however, many questions are left unanswered. The primary concern of the present series of experiments is the contribution of temporal resolution to speech in noise processing. Specifically, the phenomenon of "release from masking", the aptitude of the auditory system to make use of temporal gaps in competing signals, allowing for perception of target speech. In Experiment I, a commonly researched behavioral paradigm to measure temporal release from masking was explored in young and older normal hearing adults to determine the effect of noise type, aging, presentation level, and SNR on speech recognition. Words and sentences were presented in interrupted and continuous noises at varying intensities and signal to noise ratios. There was a significant effect of presentation level on interrupted noise benefit (i.e., release from masking). Higher intensities created improved understanding in interrupted noise. This finding suggests an intensity to exploit temporal abilities when completing behavioral assessments, particularly if evaluating temporal resolution through release from masking. It was also determined that younger adults were received greater perceptual advantage in interrupted noise than older adults, indicating an effect of age on temporal resolution despite continued normal hearing thresholds. Experiment II investigated neural encoding of this phenomenon through electrophysiological measures of the auditory cortex. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were utilized to demonstrate interrupted noise benefit and explore the effect of SNR and age on this response. With the older adults exhibiting similar auditory thresholds as younger adults and yet displaying a clear temporal deficit in speech in noise understanding, Experiment II sought to determine if a deficit in neural encoding of these signals within the auditory cortex was evident. A speech stimulus (/da/) was used to elicit the CAEPs in interrupted and continuous noises. Decreased P1 and P2 latencies and increased N1 amplitudes were recorded in interrupted noise versus continuous noise, indicating a temporal benefit. These differences were considered a cortical release from masking. Identifying this response in a localized measure may lead to better understanding of the auditory cortex's role in temporal processing of speech in difficult listening environments. With an increase in P1 and N1 amplitudes in older listeners, decreased neural inhibition was indicated. It is plausible that this aging affect could result in the temporal deficit measured behaviorally. A significant correlation between this electrophysiological finding and behavioral measures of the same deficit would confirm this theory. Experiment II was designed to explore the associations between the behavioral and electrophysiological measures of Experiments I and II. No clinically significant correlations were found between these measures. A failure to demonstrate this correlation brings into question the clinical utility of the electrophysiological measures of Experiment II. Significant correlations would have allowed for the electrophysiological response to be measured in lieu of behavioral assessment for those that are difficult to test due to physical and mental limitations. However, without a clear relationship, this electrophysiological response cannot be used in this fashion.

Measures of Acoustic Reflexes in Typically Developing Children and Children with Suspected Auditory Processing Disorder
Measures of Acoustic Reflexes in Typically Developing Children and Children with Suspected Auditory Processing Disorder

Author: Udit Saxena

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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A series of studies were conducted to examine the acoustic reflex in normal hearing adults, typically developing children and children with suspected auditory processing disorder (APD). Elevated acoustic reflex thresholds (ART) and shallower acoustic reflex growth functions (ARGF) were found in children with suspected APD in comparison to typically developing children and normal hearing adults. These effects were strongest in the crossed condition. There were no group differences for acoustic reflex latency (ARL) or acoustic reflex decay (ARD). In all studies the children with suspected APD were divided into two groups based on the diagnosis made on the basis of a behavioral APD battery; (1) APD which included children who received APD diagnosis and (2) Clinical non-APD who did not receive APD diagnosis. Children in the clinical non-APD and APD groups had similar ART and ARGF abnormalities highlighting a potential weakness in relying strictly on behavioral tests in the assessment of children suspected of APD. The effect of acoustic reflex activation on middle ear absorbance (MEA) and middle ear resonant frequency (MERF) was also investigated. It was found that the activation of the acoustic reflex resulted in a decrease of MEA between 226 and 1000 Hz, an increase MEA between 1000 and 2000 Hz and shift of MERF to a higher frequency. These changes in middle ear function may be critical to speech in noise perception. The effect of reflex activation was diminished in children with suspected APD. Across studies, acoustic reflex measures including ART, ARGF and the effect of the reflex on MEA and MERF showed a trend suggesting age-related changes but the trends did not reach statistical significance. However, a significant developmental trend in ARTs was found when corrected for ear canal volume differences. These results suggest that acoustic reflex measures in clinical children should be compared with those of typically developing children rather adults.