Covers the art and history of mechanical copying from the dawn of the industrial revolution to the remarkable founding of the Xerox Corporation. In part one, historian Rhodes reveals the social impact of the copy press in the office and the traditions, material, and methods used. In Part two, collec
Most scholarship on nineteenth-century America’s transformation into a market society has focused on consumption, romanticized visions of workers, and analysis of firms and factories. Building on but moving past these studies, Capitalism Takes Command presents a history of family farming, general incorporation laws, mortgage payments, inheritance practices, office systems, and risk management—an inventory of the means by which capitalism became America’s new revolutionary tradition. This multidisciplinary collection of essays argues not only that capitalism reached far beyond the purview of the economy, but also that the revolution was not confined to the destruction of an agrarian past. As business ceaselessly revised its own practices, a new demographic of private bankers, insurance brokers, investors in securities, and start-up manufacturers, among many others, assumed center stage, displacing older elites and forms of property. Explaining how capital became an “ism” and how business became a political philosophy, Capitalism Takes Command brings the economy back into American social and cultural history.
Refresh your approach to teaching reading comprehension with these original guided and whole-class reading activities for the primary classroom. Running out of ways to get children engaged in reading comprehension? Or are you looking to help reluctant readers discover the magic of books? This book is for you! Reading Recharged includes a wide range of creative ideas, top tips and photocopiable activities for KS1 and KS2, and covers all seven reading skills from the National Curriculum (vocabulary, inference, summarising, predicting, commentating, author choice and retrieval). Designed to spark a love of reading for pleasure, the activities range from an intriguing lie detection task for teaching characterisation to synonym snakes and ladders for practising word choices. Whether you're teaching whole-class guided reading or using the carousel format, this book provides advice on structuring your session, as well as tried-and-tested ways to run it successfully. Experienced primary teacher and literacy resource creator Alex Barton shares his top teaching activities to engage and enthuse young readers so you can teach reading with creativity and confidence.
New in Paper Kids absolutely love everything nasty and disgusting; it's especially fun when their enthusiasm for the "ick factor" drives parents, teachers, and any adult in sight to distraction. Now youngsters can indulge their lust for the foul with 50 wonderfully repulsive projects (illustrated in color for that extra POW!). The repellent journey starts with the stinky, scaly, slimy side of the human body. Children will meet the critters that live under their skin and fingernails, learn what causes those embarrassing sounds and smells, and make (very convincing) fake blood to throw Mom into a panic. They'll cook up impressively scary gangrene fingers from marzipan; whip up "booger bath," and grow a gross mold garden. To end this salute to the truly nauseating, there is a special "You're Gross and You're Proud!" celebration.
The first plain-paper office copier -- which was introduced in 1960 and has been called the most successful product ever marketed in America -- is unusual among major high-technology inventions in that its central process was conceived by a single person. David Owen's fascinating narrative tells the story of the machine nobody thought we needed but now we can't live without. Chester Carlson grew up in unspeakable poverty, worked his way through junior college and the California Institute of Technology, and made his discovery in solitude in the depths of the Great Depression. He offered his big idea to two dozen major corporations -- among them IBM, RCA, and General Electric -- all of which turned him down. So persistent was this failure of capitalist vision that by the time the Xerox 914 was manufactured by an obscure photographic-supply company in Rochester, New York, Carlson's original patent had expired. Xerography was so unusual and nonintuitive that it conceivably could have been overlooked entirely. Scientists who visited the drafty warehouses where the first machines were built sometimes doubted that Carlson's invention was even theoretically feasible. Drawing on interviews, Xerox company archives, and the private papers of the Carlson family, David Owen has woven together a fascinating and instructive story about persistence, courage, and technological innovation -- a story that has never before been fully told.
For more than thirty years, the History of Cartography Project has charted the course for scholarship on cartography, bringing together research from a variety of disciplines on the creation, dissemination, and use of maps. Volume 6, Cartography in the Twentieth Century, continues this tradition with a groundbreaking survey of the century just ended and a new full-color, encyclopedic format. The twentieth century is a pivotal period in map history. The transition from paper to digital formats led to previously unimaginable dynamic and interactive maps. Geographic information systems radically altered cartographic institutions and reduced the skill required to create maps. Satellite positioning and mobile communications revolutionized wayfinding. Mapping evolved as an important tool for coping with complexity, organizing knowledge, and influencing public opinion in all parts of the globe and at all levels of society. Volume 6 covers these changes comprehensively, while thoroughly demonstrating the far-reaching effects of maps on science, technology, and society—and vice versa. The lavishly produced volume includes more than five hundred articles accompanied by more than a thousand images. Hundreds of expert contributors provide both original research, often based on their own participation in the developments they describe, and interpretations of larger trends in cartography. Designed for use by both scholars and the general public, this definitive volume is a reference work of first resort for all who study and love maps.