Louisiana state law was unique in allowing slaves to contract for their freedom and to initiate a lawsuit for liberty. Judith Kelleher Schafer describes the ingenious and remarkably sophisticated ways New Orleans slaves used the legal system to gain their independence and find a voice in a society that ordinarily gave them none. Showing that remaining free was often as challenging as becoming free, Schafer also recounts numerous cases in which free people of color were forced to use the courts to prove their status. She further documents seventeen free blacks who, when faced with deportation, amazingly sued to enslave themselves. Schafer’s impressive detective work achieves a rare feat in the historical profession—the unveiling of an entirely new facet of the slave experience in the American South.
This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of the ancient world find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated. This ebook is just one of many articles from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Atlantic History, a continuously updated and growing online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through the scholarship and other materials relevant to the study of Atlantic History, the study of the transnational interconnections between Europe, North America, South America, and Africa, particularly in the early modern and colonial period. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.oxfordbibliographies.com.
In North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885, Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. examines the lives of free persons categorized by their communities as “negroes,” “mulattoes,” “mustees,” “Indians,” “mixed-bloods,” or simply “free people of color.” From the colonial period through Reconstruction, lawmakers passed legislation that curbed the rights and privileges of these non-enslaved residents, from prohibiting their testimony against whites to barring them from the ballot box. While such laws suggest that most white North Carolinians desired to limit the freedoms and civil liberties enjoyed by free people of color, Milteer reveals that the two groups often interacted—praying together, working the same land, and occasionally sharing households and starting families. Some free people of color also rose to prominence in their communities, becoming successful businesspeople and winning the respect of their white neighbors. Milteer’s innovative study moves beyond depictions of the American South as a region controlled by a strict racial hierarchy. He contends that although North Carolinians frequently sorted themselves into races imbued with legal and social entitlements—with whites placing themselves above persons of color—those efforts regularly clashed with their concurrent recognition of class, gender, kinship, and occupational distinctions. Whites often determined the position of free nonwhites by designating them as either valuable or expendable members of society. In early North Carolina, free people of color of certain statuses enjoyed access to institutions unavailable even to some whites. Prior to 1835, for instance, some free men of color possessed the right to vote while the law disenfranchised all women, white and nonwhite included. North Carolina’s Free People of Color, 1715–1885 demonstrates that conceptions of race were complex and fluid, defying easy characterization. Despite the reductive labels often assigned to them by whites, free people of color in the state emerged from an array of backgrounds, lived widely varied lives, and created distinct cultures—all of which, Milteer suggests, allowed them to adjust to and counter ever-evolving forms of racial discrimination.
Building on recent dynamic visual, literary and archaeological work on Roman freedmen, this book examines the impact of freed slaves on Roman society and culture.
The contents of this book help to keep you in a happy, peaceful, meditative, stress-free, depression-free state. You will not be able to experience a low mood when you are yoga with the Supreme Soul through contemplating on the knowledge in this book. The explanations in this book are based on the knowledge of the Brahma Kumaris. Anyone can use this book as a guide to become free from Stress, Low Moods and Depression. There are also explanations in this book on how to remove bodily defects which may be a reason why you easily feel depressed.
Empowering, feminist guidance for Black women on living unapologetically and authentically-from the bestselling author of The Sisters Are Alright. Unshackle your authentic self from the expectations and stereotypes of American culture through the 6 pillars of living free as a Black woman. Tamara Winfrey Harris harnesses her knowledge as a two-time author and storyteller of the Black femme experience and nationally known expert on the intersections of race and gender to deliver a sharp feminist analysis that is illustrated by real-life stories and examples plucked from popular culture and intimate Black woman-to-Black woman truth-telling. This book is separated into two parts. First, the meaning of liberation is explored and Black women will be guided in creating sustaining practice to mature their well-being along the freedom journey. In part two, readers are introduced to the 6 pillars of living free as a Black woman: Spot the distortions Know your truth Celebrate the real you Understand the cost of liberation Practice freedom SEE free Black women everywhere With the bold, astute writing that you have come to expect from Winfrey-Harris, A Black Woman's Guide to Getting Free urges Black women everywhere to choose themselves, and choose freedom, in a world that would have you chained.
With extraordinary elegance and philosophic power, Frithjof Bergmann presents a genuine rethinking of freedom. By changing the focus from outside to inside the person, Bergmann shows how freedom can be a reality in self-growth, parenting, education, and in shaping a society that stimulates rather than stunts the self.
Becoming Free: Recovering from Adverse Childhood Events (ACE’s) By: Gary J. Butler, Ph.D. Dr. Gary J. Butler has written a must-read book that presents a proven step-by-step plan for overcoming and healing from the impact of childhood trauma and being able to emerge into the light of a brighter future. Read this book and learn from one of the best. -Troy Gillem, author of Bipolar Battle Plan Dr. Gary J. Butler utilized key elements of this program to assist me in lessening the impact of combat scenes that had haunted me for years. If you need a customized program, contact him. He can help. -Terry G., former Marine with combat service in Viet Nam. It is a joy to recommend Dr. Gary J. Butler’s book, Becoming Free: Recovering from Adverse Childhood Events (ACE’s). Dr. Butler writes with compassion and tremendous depth on dealing with early trauma. Dr. Butler is skilled at listening and nurturing restoration. He has helped numerous individuals on their paths of healing and wholeness. Dr. Butler’s book will help you or your loved ones to heal from childhood hurts. -Daniel Schramm, D. Min., Chaplain and college instructor. We could not believe what we discovered about the impact early traumatic events had on our lives as individuals and as a couple. To gain this awareness from the powerful questions in this book make it worth its weight in gold. The steps to making changes in our behaviors were small and achievable. You owe this program to yourself. It can be life-changing for you as it has been for us. -Larry and Sheri L. In Becoming Free: Recovering from Adverse Childhood Events (ACE’s), Gary J. Butler, Ph.D. presents both background information and specific steps to lead adult trauma Survivors through the recovery and treatment process. This guide is targeted to a Helper, a loved one or professional, who will help lead the Survivor throughout the program. With scripts, questions, and sequences, Becoming Free is a one-stop source to aid Survivors in their recovery from the impact of ACE’s.
