Geotectonics
Geotectonics

Author: V. V. Beloussov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 3642671764

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Geotectonics has a special place among the geological dis ciplines. In addition to ideas based on firmly established facts that constitute lasting scientific values, geotectonics, as a generalizing branch of geology, embraces broad con structions that link the planet's deep interior with its sur face and are largely of a hypothetical character. The inter pretation of the most general matters of the structure and evolution of the globe varies not only from one generation of geologists to another, but even within one generation. The interpretation depends not only, and not so much, on the state of geological knowledge, as on the progress of the related sciences of geophysics and geochemistry. In trying to discover the deep-lying causes of tectonic processes, geotectonics has to unite the results of all the Earth sci ences, converting itself to some extent from a purely geologi cal science into a general physical geographic or geonomic science. The fluidity of the general ideas and the need for joint consideration of the geological, geophysical, and geochemi cal data to substantiate these ideas are the main difficulties facing the author of a textbook on geotectonics. There is undoubtedly, however, a need for a manual of this kind, particularly now when the literature on the various problems of geotectonics has grown so great and so varied in content that it is very difficult for the experienced researcher, let alone the student, to find his way.

Emplacement Mechanisms of Nappes and Thrust Sheets
Emplacement Mechanisms of Nappes and Thrust Sheets

Author: Olivier Merle

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 178

ISBN-13: 9401590605

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Nappes and overthrusts are the mosl representative geological structures in mountain chains. The issue of their emplacement mechanisms and of the driving force of these displacements is a major problem in tectonics which interests, for near to a century now and not without harsh controversies, a significant proportion of structural geologists and geoscientists who work in the field of rock mechanics. This book attempts to give a clear and didactic synthesis of the current knowledge of the concept of thrusting, principally by tackling two approaches, mechanics and kinematics, which have proposed some solutions to this problem. At first (Chapter I), the notions of thrusting are defined, with the most recent terminology and the most important geometric aspects. This introduction to the geometry of thrusts is logically followed by the presentation of their problem; the issue of the emplacement mechanisms (Chapter 2). Let us note in passing that the formulation of the concept and the presentation of its problem are associated historically, which justifies presenting them in the historical framework of this discovery before tackling the different solutions and mechanical hypotheses. These are detailed in Chapter 3 by following a chronological progression, and emphasising the divergences and oppositions between different models so as to cover them fully. The chapter on the kinematics (Chapter 4) then returns to the type of data which can be collected in the field, by clarifying the relationships between displacement and internal strain.