States, Firms, and Power
States, Firms, and Power

Author: George E. Shambaugh

Publisher: State University of New York Press

Published: 1999-08-12

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 1438419503

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States, Firms, and Power uncovers the workings behind frequently maligned and often misapplied economic sanctions and incentives that have emerged as the United States policy tools of choice. Shambaugh uses a theory of economic statecraft to analyze the sources and limitations of power relations between states and firms. The book features a statistical analysis of 66 sanction episodes since 1949, including detailed case studies of U.S. sanctions in the energy, computer, and telecommunications industries in the 1980s, and current U.S. sanctions against foreign companies conducting business in Cuba, Iran, and Libya. Understanding when and why economic statecraft works provides insights into the nature and exercise of power in world politics that can, in turn, guide policy-makers in their use of sanctions and incentives against friends, foes, and firms.

Japanese Diplomacy
Japanese Diplomacy

Author: H. D. P. Envall

Publisher: SUNY Press

Published: 2015-02-17

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 143845497X

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Groundbreaking study demonstrating how Japan’s leaders play an important role in diplomacy. A political leader is most often a nation’s most high-profile foreign policy figure, its chief diplomat. But how do individual leadership styles, personalities, perceptions, or beliefs shape diplomacy? In Japanese Diplomacy, the question of what role leadership plays in diplomacy is applied to Japan, a country where the individual is often viewed as being at the mercy of the group and where prime ministers have been largely thought of as reactive and weak. In challenging earlier, simplified ideas of Japanese political leadership, H. D. P. Envall argues that Japan’s leaders, from early Cold War figures such as Yoshida Shigeru to the charismatic and innovative Koizumi Jun’ichir? to the present leadership of Abe Shinz?, have pursued leadership strategies of varying coherence and rationality, often independent of their political environment. He also finds that different Japanese leaders have shaped Japanese diplomacy in some important and underappreciated ways. In certain environments, individual difference has played a significant role in determining Japan’s diplomacy, both in terms of the country’s strategic identity and summit diplomacy. What emerges from Japanese Diplomacy, therefore, is a more nuanced overall picture of Japanese leadership in foreign affairs.