In the late forties, Mathematical Programming became a scientific discipline in its own right. Since then it has experienced a tremendous growth. Beginning with economic and military applications, it is now among the most important fields of applied mathematics with extensive use in engineering, natural sciences, economics, and biological sciences. The lively activity in this area is demonstrated by the fact that as early as 1949 the first "Symposium on Mathe matical Programming" took place in Chicago. Since then mathematical programmers from all over the world have gath ered at the intfrnational symposia of the Mathematical Programming Society roughly every three years to present their recent research, to exchange ideas with their colleagues and to learn about the latest developments in their own and related fields. In 1982, the XI. International Symposium on Mathematical Programming was held at the University of Bonn, W. Germany, from August 23 to 27. It was organized by the Institut fUr Okonometrie und Operations Re search of the University of Bonn in collaboration with the Sonderforschungs bereich 21 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. This volume constitutes part of the outgrowth of this symposium and docu ments its scientific activities. Part I of the book contains information about the symposium, welcoming addresses, lists of committees and sponsors and a brief review about the Ful kerson Prize and the Dantzig Prize which were awarded during the opening ceremony.
Los Angeles magazine is a regional magazine of national stature. Our combination of award-winning feature writing, investigative reporting, service journalism, and design covers the people, lifestyle, culture, entertainment, fashion, art and architecture, and news that define Southern California. Started in the spring of 1961, Los Angeles magazine has been addressing the needs and interests of our region for 48 years. The magazine continues to be the definitive resource for an affluent population that is intensely interested in a lifestyle that is uniquely Southern Californian.
Providing Quality of Service (QoS) in the Internet is currently the most ch- lenging topic for researchers, industry and network providers. Now, the only available service in the Internet is the best e?ort service, which assumes tra?c is processed as quickly as possible, but there is no guarantee as to timely or actual delivery. On the other hand, there is pressure to o?er new applications in the Internet (like VoIP, videoconferencing, on-line games, e-commerce, etc. ) but this requires some packet transfer guarantees from the network (e. g. , low packet transfer delay, low packet losses). To meet these requirements, new architectures for providing IP- based QoS in the Internet are proposed: Integrated Services (IntServ) and Di?erentiated Services (Di?Serv). However, these architectures need some enhancements to provide adequate solutions for resource mana- ment, signaling, tra?c engineering, tra?c handling mechanisms, etc. In the European research community, a number of projects inside the Fifth Framework Programme were addressed solving the above issues; among these AQUILA (Adaptive Resource Control for QoS Using an IP-Based Layered - chitecture), CADENUS (Creation and Deployment of End-User Services in P- mium IP Networks), and TEQUILA (Tra?c Engineering for Quality of Service in the Internet at Large Scale) are excellent examples. The main achievements from these projects are the prototypes for ?xed QoS IP networks. The extension of these proposed solutions into the wireless environment is the next step.
This edition reflects the latest networking technologies with a special emphasis on wireless networking, including 802.11, 802.16, Bluetooth, and 3G cellular, paired with fixed-network coverage of ADSL, Internet over cable, gigabit Ethernet, MPLS, and peer-to-peer networks. It incorporates new coverage on 3G mobile phone networks, Fiber to the Home, RFID, delay-tolerant networks, and 802.11 security, in addition to expanded material on Internet routing, multicasting, congestion control, quality of service, real-time transport, and content distribution.
Are all film stars linked to Kevin Bacon? Why do the stock markets rise and fall sharply on the strength of a vague rumour? How does gossip spread so quickly? Are we all related through six degrees of separation? There is a growing awareness of the complex networks that pervade modern society. We see them in the rapid growth of the internet, the ease of global communication, the swift spread of news and information, and in the way epidemics and financial crises develop with startling speed and intensity. This introductory book on the new science of networks takes an interdisciplinary approach, using economics, sociology, computing, information science and applied mathematics to address fundamental questions about the links that connect us, and the ways that our decisions can have consequences for others.