Autonomous Voltage Control Strategies in Distribution Grids with Photovoltaic Systems
Autonomous Voltage Control Strategies in Distribution Grids with Photovoltaic Systems

Author: Stetz, Thomas

Publisher: kassel university press GmbH

Published: 2014-01-01

Total Pages: 205

ISBN-13: 3862197123

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This thesis analyzes the technical and economic potential of autonomous voltage control strategies for improving distribution grid operation with high shares of photovoltaic (PV) generation. Key issues include: The simultaneity of local photovoltaic generation and local consumption as well as its influence on reverse power flows.The theoretical potential of autonomous voltage control strategies to increase a grid’s hosting capacity for additional photovoltaic generation.Stability analyses of a voltage-dependent combined active and reactive power control strategy for photovoltaic inverters.The cost savings potential (CAPEX & OPEX) of autonomous voltage control strategies, compared to traditional grid reinforcement measures. The results suggest that autonomous voltage control strategies can be used to improve the technical and economic distribution grid integration of PV systems. If applied appropriately, these strategies are capable of deferring grid reinforcement measures and hence shifting investment costs to future points in time. Of all investigated autonomous voltage control strategies, the on-load tap changer voltage control and a combined Q(V)/P(V) PV inverter control strategy showed the most promising results, from a technical and an economic perspective.

Reactive power grid adequacy studies for distribution grids with high distributed generation
Reactive power grid adequacy studies for distribution grids with high distributed generation

Author: Markus Kraiczy

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2020-01-01

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 3737608857

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Nowadays distributed energy resources (DER) can provide certain reactive power flexibility for voltage support in alternating current power systems. Besides local voltage support at the distribution level, the DER can also provide reactive power flexibility at the transmission-distribution (T-D) interface, which can improve the reactive power grid adequacy of the distribution level. The term reactive power grid adequacy describes the compliance level of a distribution grid with a predefined reactive power range at the T-D interface. However, a challenge in grid planning procedures is the consideration of the usually intermittent reactive power flexibility potential by the DER. This study aims to develop practicable grid planning procedures for advanced reactive power management at the T-D interface by making use of controllable reactive power sources at the distribution level, like DER and distributed reactive power compensators. The study is performed for a real German distribution grid section with very high-distributed generation.

Resilient Operation of Distribution Grids with Distributed-Hierarchical Architecture
Resilient Operation of Distribution Grids with Distributed-Hierarchical Architecture

Author: Elisabeth Drayer

Publisher: kassel university press GmbH

Published: 2018-11-20

Total Pages: 199

ISBN-13: 3737605920

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This thesis is about the design and the implementation of a resilient grid operation for the distribution grid. This research question is induced by the advancing of three trends: Decarbonisation, decentralisation and digitalisation. These three trends transform the hitherto passive distribution grid into an active system that contains an active operation. The term “resilience” describes capabilities of the system to absorb, to adapt, and to recover from faults and disturbances. This concept is realised on the one hand with the choice of the operation architecture, on the other hand for the choice of possible methods and functions. This thesis develops a distributed-hierarchical operation architecture. For this architecture several methods have been developed that optimally benefit from the operation architecture and that allow the fully automated operation of the distribution grid. For that purpose a heuristic optimisation has been developed to solve problems like voltage profile violations and congestions. Another important method, especially with regard to resilience, is the self-healing capability to resupply clients after permanent faults.

Energy Storage Systems
Energy Storage Systems

Author: Armin U. Schmiegel

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2023-05-04

Total Pages: 449

ISBN-13: 019267272X

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Energy systems are encountered in daily life, whether through smartphones, laptops or cordless tools. Cars using fossil fuels are being replaced with electric and battery powered drives, and storage solutions are being implemented to better integrate renewable energies into the grid. Energy Storage Systems introduces the different storage technologies available today. It begins with mechanical and electrical storage and describes in detail electrochemical storage technologies such as lead and lithium-ion batteries. However, this book aims to explain not only what storage technologies exist but also how these storage technologies are applied in storage systems. Therefore, this book provides a short introduction to requirements management and system engineering to explain how storage systems are designed. Furthermore, the book explains the most important power conversion techniques. The technologies presented are applied in many application examples throughout the book and range from solar power storage systems to battery supported mobile phone masts and commercial vehicles equipped with a hybrid drive system.

Sizing and operation of residential photovoltaic systems in combination with battery storage systems and heat pumps
Sizing and operation of residential photovoltaic systems in combination with battery storage systems and heat pumps

Author: Jan von Appen

Publisher: kassel university press GmbH

Published: 2018-08-27

Total Pages: 211

ISBN-13: 3737605548

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The thriving business case of residential photovoltaic systems in combination with battery storage systems and other flexibility options, such as heat pumps, leads to additional questions for PV network integration and increases the complexity of planning processes for all involved stakeholders – especially for investors and distribution network operators. In this thesis mixed integer linear and bilevel optimization models are developed for evaluating the interdependencies between these stakeholders and their strategic decision making. A case study-based approach allows assessing how different incentives impact sizing and operation of PV battery storage systems, their network integration and their complementarity towards other flexibility options for improved sector coupling. The analysis of the case studies underlines the importance of using multi-stakeholder optimization models. Appropriate incentive setting and sector coupling decelerate emerging self-reinforcing processes between higher network charges, larger system sizes and inefficient PV network integration. Furthermore, curtailment limits and peak charges help activating a network-supporting operation of battery storage systems and other flexibilities.

Advanced Smart Grid Functionalities Based on PowerFactory
Advanced Smart Grid Functionalities Based on PowerFactory

Author: Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-12-29

Total Pages: 379

ISBN-13: 3319505327

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This book consolidates some of the most promising advanced smart grid functionalities and provides a comprehensive set of guidelines for their implementation/evaluation using DIgSILENT Power Factory. It includes specific aspects of modeling, simulation and analysis, for example wide-area monitoring, visualization and control, dynamic capability rating, real-time load measurement and management, interfaces and co-simulation for modeling and simulation of hybrid systems. It also presents key advanced features of modeling and automation of calculations using PowerFactory, such as the use of domain-specific (DSL) and DIgSILENT Programming (DPL) languages, and utilizes a variety of methodologies including theoretical explanations, practical examples and guidelines. Providing a concise compilation of significant outcomes by experienced users and developers of this program, it is a valuable resource for postgraduate students and engineers working in power-system operation and planning.

Unit commitment and investment valuation of flexible biogas plants in German power markets
Unit commitment and investment valuation of flexible biogas plants in German power markets

Author: Hochloff, Patrick

Publisher: kassel university press GmbH

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 3737603286

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Biogas plants become more flexible, scheduling their power generation with respect to market prices. For this purpose the electrical capacity of power units is extended to convert the continuously produced gas as well as the gas held in storage. This work has shown how gas plants with extended capacity located at a gas production site can be analyzed on the basis of unit commitment. Mixed integer linear programs (MILP) have been developed for the unit commitment of such plants in different use cases. The models developed consider gas plants at a gas production site participating in German power markets, switching between static and variable gas supply, providing secondary and tertiary control reserve, and claiming the German market and flexibility premium. The models can be applied to plan daily schedules for the operation of these gas plants. Furthermore, the models can be applied to analyze the benefits of extending the electrical or storage capacity of gas plants located at a gas production site. The models calculate the optimized gross income that can be applied as cash flow for determining the net present value (NPV) of investments in extended electrical and storage capacity.

Technologies and Applications for Smart Charging of Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles
Technologies and Applications for Smart Charging of Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

Author: Ottorino Veneri

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-12-30

Total Pages: 323

ISBN-13: 3319436511

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This book outlines issues related to massive integration of electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into power grids. Electricity is becoming the preferred energy vector for the next new generation of road vehicles. It is widely acknowledged that road vehicles based on full electric or hybrid drives can mitigate problems related to fossil fuel dependence. This book explains the emerging and understanding of storage systems for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The recharging stations for these types of vehicles might represent a great advantage for the electric grid by facilitating integration of renewable and distributed energy production. This book presents a broad review from analyzing current literature to on-going research projects about the new power technologies related to the various charging architectures for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Specifically focusing on DC fast charging operations, as well as, grid-connected power converters and the full range of energy storage systems. These key components are analyzed for distributed generation and charging system integration into micro-grids. The authors demonstrate that these storage systems represent effective interfaces for the control and management of renewable and sustainable distributed energy resources. New standards and applications are emerging from micro-grid pilot projects around the world and case studies demonstrate the convenience and feasibility of distributed energy management. The material in this unique volume discusses potential avenues for further research toward achieving more reliable, more secure and cleaner energy.