Assessment of Viscoelastic Properties of Drilling Fluids and Their Impact on Hole Cleaning Capacity in Horizontal Directional Drilling
Author: Paula Lizeth Rodriguez Leon
Publisher:
Published: 2022
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
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Author: Paula Lizeth Rodriguez Leon
Publisher:
Published: 2022
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Hongbo Chen
Publisher:
Published: 2022
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRecent studies highlighted the significant role of drilling fluid viscoelasticity in the assessment of frictional pressure loss, particle settling velocity, hole cleaning efficiency, and dynamic filtration loss control. Although the impact of drilling fluid viscoelasticity on the various functions of drilling fluids has been well recognized, the field implementation of these research findings have been hampered mainly because there has not been any standard field technique available for measuring the fluid viscoelastic properties. A comprehensive experimental investigation has, therefore, been conducted to develop a generalized model to determine the viscoelasticity of drilling fluids using standard field-testing equipment. The new field measurement-based methodology has then been used for developing new models and strategies that can be used for formulating optimum drilling fluid rheological properties for improving drilling fluid performance in two key applications areas; i-) Enhancing solids suspension ability, ii-) Reducing dynamic filtration loss. Ninety-three fluid formulations used in this study included field samples of oil-based drilling fluids as well as laboratory samples of water-based, invert emulsion and other oil-based fluids. Basic rheological characterizations of these fluids were done by using a funnel viscometer and a rotational viscometer. Elastic properties of the drilling fluids (quantified in terms of the energy required to cause an irreversible deformation in the fluid's structure called "energy dissipation") were obtained from oscillatory tests conducted by using a research grade rheometer with double gap concentric cylinder geometry. Using an empirical approach, a non-iterative model for quantifying drilling fluid elasticity was developed by correlating test results from a funnel iii viscometer and a rotational viscometer to energy required to cause an irreversible deformation of the fluid's elastic structure. Using the field measurement-based methodology for assessing the drilling fluid viscoelasticity , further experimental studies have been conducted to develop a generalized model for the field assessment of particle settling velocity in shear-thinning viscoelastic fluids by using the energy dissipation concept as an indicator of the fluid viscoelasticity. Ten different fluids were prepared in two groups based on their shear viscosity values. In each group, five fluids were having similar shear viscosity and variable elasticity values. Nineteen different spherical particles were used to conduct particle settling experiments with a density range from 2700 kg/m3 to 6000kg/m3 and a diameter range from 1mm to 4mm. Rheological characterizations of the fluids have been conducted by using funnel viscometer, API Rotational viscometer, controlled shear rate, and amplitude sweep test measurements. Fluid shear viscosity and elasticity have been identified as the most influential factors controlling filtration loss. However, past studies were mostly inconclusive regarding the individual effects of fluid shear viscosity vs elasticity, as it was very difficult to measure their effect independently. 24 water-based drilling fluids were prepared using various blends of three different molecular weight PHPA polymers. Two groups of fluids; one group having the same shear viscosity and variable elasticity and the other group having the same elasticity and variable shear viscosities, were developed. Additionally, 3 Xanthan Gum fluids were used as an example of iv visco-inelastic drill-in fluids commonly used for drilling long horizontal wellbore sections in the reservoir. Static filtration tests and core flooding experiments were conducted to measure the static filtration rate, pressure drop across the core at different flow rates, and formation damage induced by each fluid. By investigating the independent effects of viscoelasticity and shear viscosity on the fluid filtration loss characteristics, it was observed that: 1-) The static filtration rate can be more effectively controlled by altering fluid viscoelasticity as compared to the fluid shear viscosity. 2-) Both shear viscosity and viscoelasticity have a proportional relationship to the pressure drop associated with the core flow. However, the effect of viscoelasticity on the pressure drop is more pronounced. 3-) Increasing fluid viscoelasticity does not cause the formation damage as much as the shear viscosity. 4-)The viscoelasticity has been found to be the predominant rheological property that controls the solid-free drill-in fluids' filtration loss characteristics. The results have suggested that viscoelasticity can help develop non-invasive fluids by reducing static filtration rate, increasing pressure drop (effectively building internal cake), and minimizing formation damage.
Author: Binh Bui
Publisher:
Published: 2012
Total Pages: 378
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Henry A. Mbama
Publisher:
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 194
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"Hole cleaning efficiency is an important factor of consideration in the successful evaluation of any drilling operation. This is dependent on the ability of the drilling fluid to effectively remove cuttings from the bottom hole to the surface, which are affected by changes in the drilling fluid properties such as the density, pipe eccentricity, well bore geometry, well bore interactions with the external environment in the form of gas-cutting etc. This work examines the sources and effects of entrained gas on drilling fluid, borehole and hydraulic parameters and their respective impact on hole cleaning. A generalized mathematical equation was derived to predict the hole cleaning efficiency of low-viscosity non-dispersed mud systems at different rates of gas entrainment. Additionally, the total pump operating cost was investigated from the knowledge of the optimum horsepower output of the pump. A cost comparison was made between the Hydraulic Horsepower and Jet Impact Force methods of optimized drilling. From the analysis it was observed that entrained gas negatively impacts hole cleaning in comparison to a gas free system. Jet Impact Force was found to be a better tool for determining the pump operating cost and estimating the hole cleaning performance using the Carrying Capacity Index"--Leaf iii.
Author: Mark S. Ramsey
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Published: 2019-01-22
Total Pages: 340
ISBN-13: 0128170891
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPractical Wellbore Hydraulics and Hole Cleaning presents a single resource with explanations, equations and descriptions that are important for wellbore hydraulics, including hole cleaning. Involving many moving factors and complex issues, this book provides a systematic and practical summary of solutions, thus helping engineers understand calculations, case studies and guidelines not found anywhere else. Topics such as the impact of temperature and pressure of fluid properties are covered, as are vertical and deviated-from-vertical hole cleaning differences. The importance of bit hydraulics optimization, drilling fluid challenges, pressure drop calculations, downhole properties, and pumps round out the information presented. Packed with example calculations and handy appendices, this book gives drilling engineers the tools they need for effective bit hydraulics and hole cleaning operation design. Provides practical techniques to ensure hole cleaning in both vertical and deviated wells Addresses errors in predictive wellbore hydraulic modeling equations and provides remedies Teaches how to improve the economic efficiencies of drilling oil and gas wells using calculations, guidelines and case studies
Author:
Publisher: Bookboon
Published:
Total Pages: 132
ISBN-13: 8776819299
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Shiraz Gulraiz
Publisher:
Published: 2021
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPressure management and hole cleaning are fundamental aspects of a successful drilling operation. Despite a plethora of research articles, contradictory results continue to be reported in the literature. The variables involved have been extensively researched but rheology continues to suffer from severe oversimplifications. Few studies go beyond the canonical time-independent characterization and even fewer consider the addition of drill cuttings and thermal effects. The composition of drilling fluids makes them a typical case of complex fluids such that the rheology is dependent on shear rate and flow history. Complex fluids exhibit several peculiar rheological features that are augmented in a drilling environment. The present work investigates the interplay between complex rheology and drilling hydraulics; the latter here refers to bottomhole pressure and cuttings transport. In this work, rheological algorithms are developed to characterize complex rheology. The multiphase mixture of fluid and cuttings is modeled as thixotropic viscoplastic (TVP) suspension. It is observed that high yield stress and flow rate do not guarantee efficient hole cleaning. In most cases, high yield stress deteriorates cuttings transport. A large stress overshoot improves cuttings transport, though the distinction between the static and dynamic yield stresses diminishes as particle concentration increases. Since viscosity lags shear rate changes in thixotropic flows, pressure fluctuates and swirling viscosity profiles are generated, giving rise to localized turbulence and Taylor vortices even at low velocities. Moreover, cuttings transport varies as a power-law function of particle shape, size, and flow rate. Under a geothermal gradient, high-temperature regions develop near the inner pipe as fluid moves upwards. Temperature has a diverse effect on rheology and temperature-viscosity profiles are often non-monotonic. For such fluids, the pressure profile is highly non-linear as most of the frictional losses occur near the bottomhole. Fluids with non-monotonic temperature-viscosity profiles yield better cuttings transport but at the cost of higher pressure. Modeling the time-dependent rheology of drilling fluids while studying drilling hydraulics helps in addressing several contradictions found in the literature. It is recommended that the experimental and computational efforts focused on drilling hydraulics should characterize complex rheology for a better understanding of drilling hydraulics
Author: Bhajan Lal
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2022-02-03
Total Pages: 129
ISBN-13: 3030941302
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book provides pathways and strategies for mud engineers and drilling students in the future drilling industry. The data on the effect of drilling mud additives on hydrate formation thermodynamics and kinetics are discussed to aid proper additives selection and blending for optimum performance. Practical field operations of hydrate-related drilling are discussed with insights on future drilling operations. Preface Drilling fluid design is very crucial in all drilling operations. Gas hydrate wells or hydrate sediments are future reservoirs that are believed to produced clean natural gas that will replace the current fossil fuels. Hydrate management has now become a part of the drilling operation and for that matter, relevant knowledge and guidelines of drilling fluid design for hydrate management in drilling-related operations would help establish a strong foundation for hydrate-related drilling operations. This book is useful to mud engineers, students, and industries who wish to be drilling fluid authorities in the21st-century energy production industry.
Author: Ryen Caenn
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Published: 2016-11-11
Total Pages: 750
ISBN-13: 0128050497
DOWNLOAD EBOOKComposition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids