The following analysis illustrates the underlying trends and relationships of U.S. issued patents of the subject company. The analysis employs two frequently used patent classification methods: US Patent Classification (UPC) and International Patent Classification (IPC). Aside from assisting patent examiners in determining the field of search for newly submitted patent applications, the two classification methods play a pivotal role in the characterization and analysis of technologies contained in collections of patent data. The analysis also includes the company’s most prolific inventors, top cited patents as well as foreign filings by technology area.
The following analysis illustrates the underlying trends and relationships of U.S. issued patents of the subject company. The analysis employs two frequently used patent classification methods: US Patent Classification (UPC) and International Patent Classification (IPC). Aside from assisting patent examiners in determining the field of search for newly submitted patent applications, the two classification methods play a pivotal role in the characterization and analysis of technologies contained in collections of patent data. The analysis also includes the company’s most prolific inventors, top cited patents as well as foreign filings by technology area.
The following analysis illustrates the underlying trends and relationships of U.S. issued patents of the subject company. The analysis employs two frequently used patent classification methods: US Patent Classification (UPC) and International Patent Classification (IPC). Aside from assisting patent examiners in determining the field of search for newly submitted patent applications, the two classification methods play a pivotal role in the characterization and analysis of technologies contained in collections of patent data. The analysis also includes the company’s most prolific inventors, top cited patents as well as foreign filings by technology area.
The following analysis illustrates the underlying trends and relationships of U.S. issued patents of the subject company. The analysis employs two frequently used patent classification methods: US Patent Classification (UPC) and International Patent Classification (IPC). Aside from assisting patent examiners in determining the field of search for newly submitted patent applications, the two classification methods play a pivotal role in the characterization and analysis of technologies contained in collections of patent data. The analysis also includes the company’s most prolific inventors, top cited patents as well as foreign filings by technology area.
The following analysis illustrates the underlying trends and relationships of U.S. issued patents of the subject company. The analysis employs two frequently used patent classification methods: US Patent Classification (UPC) and International Patent Classification (IPC). Aside from assisting patent examiners in determining the field of search for newly submitted patent applications, the two classification methods play a pivotal role in the characterization and analysis of technologies contained in collections of patent data. The analysis also includes the company’s most prolific inventors, top cited patents as well as foreign filings by technology area.
Optics and photonics technologies are ubiquitous: they are responsible for the displays on smart phones and computing devices, optical fiber that carries the information in the internet, advanced precision manufacturing, enhanced defense capabilities, and a plethora of medical diagnostics tools. The opportunities arising from optics and photonics offer the potential for even greater societal impact in the next few decades, including solar power generation and new efficient lighting that could transform the nation's energy landscape and new optical capabilities that will be essential to support the continued exponential growth of the Internet. As described in the National Research Council report Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation, it is critical for the United States to take advantage of these emerging optical technologies for creating new industries and generating job growth. The report assesses the current state of optical science and engineering in the United States and abroad-including market trends, workforce needs, and the impact of photonics on the national economy. It identifies the technological opportunities that have arisen from recent advances in, and applications of, optical science and engineering. The report also calls for improved management of U.S. public and private research and development resources, emphasizing the need for public policy that encourages adoption of a portfolio approach to investing in the wide and diverse opportunities now available within photonics. Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation is a useful overview not only for policymakers, such as decision-makers at relevant Federal agencies on the current state of optics and photonics research and applications but also for individuals seeking a broad understanding of the fields of optics and photonics in many arenas.
The early history of the Philips National Laboratory began in the winter of 1913 when Gerard Philips and his brother Anton founded a research organization as a separate part of their company in Eindhoven. The Philips brothers hired Gilles Holst and others to carry out scientific experiments in order to improve existing light bulb technology and later to create new products such as x-ray tubes and radio sets. Holst became the leader and organizer of the research laboratory. Scientists who worked under him proved the business value of industrial research for the Philips company. The National Laboratory story indicates that it was not enough for Philips to simply have a tradition of innovation-the company also needed to create a culture and structure that permitted the coordination between people and resources that was necessary for developing innovations in an industrial context. These innovations spaw such diverse topics as irradication of plants with artificial light and creating an agricultural research network of particular interest is comparisons drawn between Philips and General Electric. Kees Boersma shows that the National Laboratory history in the first decades of the twentieth century can be seen as part of a broader development internationally. During the function of the industrial research laboratory became institutionalized. The institutionalization process of industrial research involved an intentional structuring of the research organization in the company, in which various persons worked together in specific business contexts. At a local level, Philips people, headed by Holst, reinvented the research function. It is exactly this process that is central this book. This will be a welcome addition to the literature on business history-informed as it is by a sense of social theory and social organizations. Kees Boersma is a historian who works as a researcher in the group of Culture, Organization and Management of the Faculty of Social Studies at the Free University of Amsterdam. His research expertise is grounded in the areas of science, technology, culture, and organization studies.
This book contains the papers presented at a conference organised in honour of H.B.G. Casimir's 80th birthday. Outstanding scientists from different fields of research were invited to discuss important recent developments and put them in a broader perspective. The resulting book is devoted to the following relationships between fundamental physical research and technological developments: - - the prognoses of technologically relevant phenomena on the basis of physical research; - the dependence of technological developments on physical research; - the spin-off of physical research for other disciplines; - the fact that fundamental research is required for the advancement of physics in general and of applied physics in particular. The famous Dutch physicist H.B.G. Casimir has made substantial contributions to the development of 20th century physics and was for several years head of Philips Research Laboratories. The diversity of topics addressed in this book reflects his wide range of interests
