Lost Laborers in Colonial California
Lost Laborers in Colonial California

Author: Stephen W. Silliman

Publisher: University of Arizona Press

Published: 2008-10-01

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 9780816528042

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Native Americans who populated the various ranchos of Mexican California as laborers are people frequently lost to history. The "rancho period" was a critical time for California Indians, as many were drawn into labor pools for the flourishing ranchos following the 1834 dismantlement of the mission system, but they are practically absent from the documentary record and from popular histories. This study focuses on Rancho Petaluma north of San Francisco Bay, a large livestock, agricultural, and manufacturing operation on which several hundredÑperhaps as many as two thousandÑNative Americans worked as field hands, cowboys, artisans, cooks, and servants. One of the largest ranchos in the region, it was owned from 1834 to 1857 by Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, one of the most prominent political figures of Mexican California. While historians have studied Vallejo, few have considered the Native Americans he controlled, so we know little of what their lives were like or how they adjusted to the colonial labor regime. Because VallejoÕs Petaluma Adobe is now a state historic park and one of the most well-protected rancho sites in California, this site offers unparalleled opportunities to investigate nineteenth-century rancho life via archaeology. Using the Vallejo rancho as a case study, Stephen Silliman examines this California rancho with a particular eye toward Native American participation. Through the archaeological recordÑtools and implements, containers, beads, bone and shell artifacts, food remainsÑhe reconstructs the daily practices of Native peoples at Rancho Petaluma and the labor relations that structured indigenous participation in and experience of rancho life. This research enables him to expose the multi-ethnic nature of colonialism, counterbalancing popular misconceptions of Native Americans as either non-participants in the ranchos or passive workers with little to contribute to history. Lost Laborers in Colonial California draws on archaeological data, material studies, and archival research, and meshes them with theoretical issues of labor, gender, and social practice to examine not only how colonial worlds controlled indigenous peoples and practices but also how Native Americans lived through and often resisted those impositions. The book fills a gap in the regional archaeological and historical literature as it makes a unique contribution to colonial and contact-period studies in the Spanish/Mexican borderlands and beyond.

Spa
Spa

Author: Robert D. Henry

Publisher: Images Publishing

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 9781920744403

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Spa: The Sensuous Experience provides a timely exploration of 40 of the very best spas created over the years, from more recent examples to traditional destinations that have become classic icons in the spa world.

Creating Colonial Williamsburg
Creating Colonial Williamsburg

Author: Anders Greenspan

Publisher: UNC Press Books

Published: 2020-11-12

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 1469625679

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In Creating Colonial Williamsburg, Anders Greenspan examines the restoration and re-creation of the structures and gardens of Virginia's colonial capital beginning in 1926. The restoration was undertaken by the Rockefeller family, whose aim was to promote a twentieth-century appreciation for eighteenth-century ideals. Ironically, those ideals, including democracy, individualism, and representative government, were often promoted at the expense of a more complete understanding of the town's true history. The meaning and purpose of Colonial Williamsburg has changed over time, along with America's changing social and political landscapes, making the study of this historic site a unique and meaningful entry point to understanding the shifting modern American character. In recent years, financial struggles and declining attendance forced a new interpretation of the town, extending the presentation into the period of the American Revolution, while adding new interpretive approaches such as street theater and a greater emphasis on technology. Over its eighty-year history, says Greenspan, Colonial Williamsburg has grown and matured, while still retaining its emphasis on the importance of eighteenth-century values and their application in the modern world.

The Leopard, the Lion, and the Cock
The Leopard, the Lion, and the Cock

Author: Matthew Stanard

Publisher: Leuven University Press

Published: 2019-04-15

Total Pages: 339

ISBN-13: 9462701792

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Thought-provoking reflection on culture, colonialism, and the remainders of empire in Belgium after 1960 The degree to which the late colonial era affected Europe has been long underappreciated, and only recently have European countries started to acknowledge not having come to terms with decolonisation. In Belgium, the past two decades have witnessed a growing awareness of the controversial episodes in the country’s colonial past. This volume examines the long-term effects and legacies of the colonial era on Belgium after 1960, the year the Congo gained its independence, and calls into question memories of the colonial past by focusing on the meaning and place of colonial monuments in public space. The book foregrounds the enduring presence of “empire” in everyday Belgian life in the form of permanent colonial markers in bronze and stone, lieux de mémoire of the country’s history of overseas expansion. By means of photographs and explanations of major pro-colonial memorials, as well as several obscure ones, the book reveals the surprising degree to which Belgium became infused with a colonialist spirit during the colonial era. Another key component of the analysis is an account of the varied ways in which both Dutch- and French-speaking Belgians approached the colonial past after 1960, treating memorials variously as objects of veneration, with indifference, or as symbols to be attacked or torn down. The book provides a thought-provoking reflection on culture, colonialism, and the remainders of empire in Belgium after 1960.

Final Paleolithic Camp Organization as Seen from the Perspective of Lithic Artifacts Refitting
Final Paleolithic Camp Organization as Seen from the Perspective of Lithic Artifacts Refitting

Author: Jan Fiedorczuk

Publisher: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii PAN

Published: 2006-07-01

Total Pages: 170

ISBN-13: 8389499274

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Preface Introduction I. Overview of the Study Area II. Spatial Organization of Sites: History of Studies II. 1. Methodologies and Research II.2. Archaeological Structures and their Significance in Studies of Spatial Organization of Sites III. Sites of the Mazovian Complex in Studies of Spatial Organization of Camps III.1. Research History and Prospects III.2. Site Selection Criteria III.3. Characteristic of Selected Sites III.3.1. Dobiegniewo III.3.2. Calowanie, Trench I, Level VI III.3.3. Rydno IV/57 III.3.4. Rydno XI/59 IV. Methods in Spatial Organization Studies of Paleolithic Campsites IV.l. Lithic Typology, Technology and Raw Materials IV.2. The Refittings Method IV.2.1. Terminology and Semantic Scope of Concepts IV.2.2. Results of Refitting in the Selected Assemblages IV.2.3. Spatial Distribution of Lithic Artifacts Refitted into Blocks I V.2.4. Comprehensive Analysis of Refitted Specimens IV.3. Spatial Distribution (Patterning) of Selected Classes of Lithic Artifacts IV.3.1. Burnt Artifacts IV.3 2. Tools and Tools Production and Repair Waste IV.3.3. Cores and Core Processing Waste IV.4. Statistical Procedures in Spatial Analysis V. Settlement Structures in Sites of the Mazovian Complex V.I. Features V.I.I. Hearths V.I.1.1. Dobiegniewo V.I.1.2. Calowanie, Trench I, Level VI V.l.1.3. Rydno IV/57 V.l.1.4. Rydno XI/59 V.1.2. Pits V.1.3. Haematite "Stains" V.2. Activity Areas V.2.1. Workshops and Waste Heaps V.2.2. Differentiation of Waste Heaps V.2.3. Workshops Differentiation V.2.4. Living (Home) Activity Areas VI. Spatial Relationships Between Identified Structures VI.l. Workshop vs. Waste Heap VI.2. The Workshop/Workshop Arrangement, or Core Processing in Various Places VI.3. Spatial Manifestations of Blade Selection Behaviors VI.4. Workshop and Living Activity Areas in Relation to Hearths and Dwelling Structures VII. Structure Systems vs. Occupation Episodes, or the Spatial Organization of Campsites VII.1. Dobiegniewo VII.2. Calowanie, Trench I, Level VI VII.3. Rydno IV/57 VII.4. Rydno XI/59 VIII. Expectations, Disappointments and Results. A Brief Summing Up References

ABM
ABM

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1980

Total Pages: 402

ISBN-13:

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Abstracts of journal articles, books, essays, exhibition catalogs, dissertations, and exhibition reviews. The scope of ARTbibliographies Modern extends from artists and movements beginning with Impressionism in the late 19th century, up to the most recent works and trends in the late 20th century. Photography is covered from its invention in 1839 to the present. A particular emphasis is placed upon adding new and lesser-known artists and on the coverage of foreign-language literature. Approximately 13,000 new entries are added each year. Published with title LOMA from 1969-1971.

Rick Steves Great Britain
Rick Steves Great Britain

Author: Rick Steves

Publisher: Rick Steves

Published: 2023-03-07

Total Pages: 1230

ISBN-13: 1641715189

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From the craggy beauty of the Scottish Highlands to cosmopolitan London, Great Britain is yours to discover with Rick Steves! Inside Rick Steves Great Britain you'll find: Comprehensive coverage for spending two weeks or more exploring England, Wales, and Scotland Rick's strategic advice on how to get the most out of your time and money, with rankings of his must-see favorites Top sights and hidden gems, from Stonehenge and Shakespeare's Globe Theatre to whisky distilleries and corner pubs How to connect with culture: Try haggis or a Scotch pie, catch a show in SoHo, or chat with locals in a cozy Welsh tavern Beat the crowds, skip the lines, and avoid tourist traps with Rick's candid, humorous insight The best places to eat, sleep, and relax with a pint Self-guided walking tours of charming villages, historic sites, and museums Detailed maps throughout, plus a handy fold-out map for exploring on-the-go Useful resources including a packing list, a historical overview, and recommended reading Over 1,000 bible-thin pages include everything worth seeing without weighing you down Complete, up-to-date information on London, Windsor, Cambridge, Bath, Glastonbury, Wells, Avebury, Stonehenge, Salisbury, the Cotswolds, Stratford-upon-Avon, Ironbridge Gorge, Liverpool, the Lake District, York, Durham, Conwy, Caernarfon, Snowdonia National Park, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Stirling, St. Andrews, Oban and the Inner Hebrides, Glencoe and Fort William, Inverness and Loch Ness, and more Make the most of every day and every dollar with Rick Steves Great Britain.