Array Beamforming with Linear Difference Equations
Array Beamforming with Linear Difference Equations

Author: Jacob Benesty

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-03-01

Total Pages: 175

ISBN-13: 3030682730

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This book studies the link between differential beamforming and differential equations which in turn enables the study of fundamental theory and methods of beamforming from a different perspective, leading to new insights into the problem and new methods to solve the problem. The book first presents a brief overview of the problems and methods for beamforming and some performance measures popularly used either to evaluate beamformers or to derive optimal beamformers. Then, first-order, second-order, and general high-order linear difference equations are discussed, based on which the authors show how to formulate the beamforming problem and derive different beamforming methods, including fixed and adaptive ones. Furthermore, the authors show how to apply the theory of difference equations to the general problem of speech enhancement, and deduce a number of noise reduction filters, including the maximum SNR filter, the Wiener filter, the MVDR filter, etc. Also covered in the book are the difference equations and differential beamforming from the spectral graph perspective. Presents basic concepts, fundamental principles, and methods for beamforming from the perspective of linear difference equations; Provides formulation and methods of conventional beamforming, and first-order, second-order, and general high-order linear difference equations for beamforming; Includes the applications of linear difference equations to the problem of noise reduction; Explains beamforming based on difference equations with graphs.

Array Beamforming with Linear Difference Equations
Array Beamforming with Linear Difference Equations

Author: Jacob Benesty

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783030682743

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This book studies the link between differential beamforming and differential equations which in turn enables the study of fundamental theory and methods of beamforming from a different perspective, leading to new insights into the problem and new methods to solve the problem. The book first presents a brief overview of the problems and methods for beamforming and some performance measures popularly used either to evaluate beamformers or to derive optimal beamformers. Then, first-order, second-order, and general high-order linear difference equations are discussed, based on which the authors show how to formulate the beamforming problem and derive different beamforming methods, including fixed and adaptive ones. Furthermore, the authors show how to apply the theory of difference equations to the general problem of speech enhancement, and deduce a number of noise reduction filters, including the maximum SNR filter, the Wiener filter, the MVDR filter, etc. Also covered in the book are the difference equations and differential beamforming from the spectral graph perspective. Presents basic concepts, fundamental principles, and methods for beamforming from the perspective of linear difference equations; Provides formulation and methods of conventional beamforming, and first-order, second-order, and general high-order linear difference equations for beamforming; Includes the applications of linear difference equations to the problem of noise reduction; Explains beamforming based on difference equations with graphs.

Microphone Arrays
Microphone Arrays

Author: Jacob Benesty

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-08-09

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 3031369742

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This book explains the motivation for using microphone arrays as opposed to using a single sensor for sound acquisition. The book then goes on to summarize the most useful ideas, concepts, results, and new algorithms therein. The material presented in this work includes analysis of the advantages of using microphone arrays, including dimensionality reduction to remove the redundancy while preserving the variability of the array signals using the principal component analysis (PCA). The authors also discuss benefits such as beamforming with low-rank approximations, fixed, adaptive, and robust distortionless beamforming, differential beamforming, and a new form of binaural beamforming that takes advantage of both beamforming and human binaural hearing properties to improve speech intelligibility. The book makes the microphone array signal processing theory and applications available in a complete and self-contained text. The authors attempt to explain the main ideas in a clear and rigorous way so that the reader can easily capture the potentials, opportunities, challenges, and limitations of microphone array signal processing. This book is written for those who work on the topics of microphone arrays, noise reduction, speech enhancement, speech communication, and human-machine speech interfaces.

Coupled-Oscillator Based Active-Array Antennas
Coupled-Oscillator Based Active-Array Antennas

Author: Ronald J. Pogorzelski

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-07-18

Total Pages: 382

ISBN-13: 1118309979

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Describing an innovative approach to phased-array control in antenna design This book explores in detail phased-array antennas that use coupled-oscillator arrays, an arrangement featuring a remarkably simple beam steering control system and a major reduction in complexity compared with traditional methods of phased-array control. It brings together in one convenient, self-contained volume the many salient research results obtained over the past ten to fifteen years in laboratories around the world, including the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The authors examine the underlying theoretical framework of coupled-oscillator systems, clearly explaining the linear and nonlinear formalisms used in the development of coupled-oscillator arrays, while introducing a variety of state-of-the-art methodologies, design solutions, and tools for applying this control scheme. Readers will find: Numerous implementation examples of coupled-oscillator array prototypes A continuum model that permits application of diffusion theory to the analysis of phase dynamics A demonstration of the array behavior through experimental results that validate the linearized theory Examples of how incorporating coupling delay restores causality, including the latest published results Guidance on how to accurately analyze and optimize coupled-oscillator arrays using modern simulation tools A review of current developments, including the design of compact couple-oscillator array antennas Complete with 150 diagrams and photographs, Coupled-Oscillator Based Active-Array Antennas is a highly useful tutorial for antenna designers and a valuable reference for researchers and engineers wishing to learn about this cutting-edge technology.

Array Processing
Array Processing

Author: Jacob Benesty

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-02-28

Total Pages: 194

ISBN-13: 3030156001

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The focus of this book is on array processing and beamforming with Kronecker products. It considers a large family of sensor arrays that allow the steering vector to be decomposed as a Kronecker product of two steering vectors of smaller virtual arrays. Instead of directly designing a global beamformer for the original array, once the steering vector has been decomposed, smaller virtual beamformers are designed and separately optimized for each virtual array. This means the matrices that need to be inverted are smaller, which increases the robustness of the beamformers, and reduces the size of the observations. The book explains how to perform beamforming with Kronecker product filters using an unconventional approach. It shows how the Kronecker product formulation can be used to derive fixed, adaptive, and differential beamformers with remarkable flexibility. Furthermore, it demonstrates how fixed and adaptive beamformers can be intelligently combined, optimally exploiting the advantages of both. The problem of spatiotemporal signal enhancement is also addressed, and readers will learn how to perform Kronecker product filtering in this context.

Phased Arrays for Radio Astronomy, Remote Sensing, and Satellite Communications
Phased Arrays for Radio Astronomy, Remote Sensing, and Satellite Communications

Author: Karl F. Warnick

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-07-26

Total Pages: 471

ISBN-13: 1108540287

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Discover a modern approach to the analysis, modeling and design of high sensitivity phased arrays. Network theory, numerical methods and computational electromagnetic simulation techniques are uniquely combined to enable full system analysis and design optimization. Beamforming and array signal processing theory are integrated into the treatment from the start. Digital signal processing methods such as polyphase filtering and RFI mitigation are described, along with technologies for real-time hardware implementation. Key concepts from interferometric imaging used in radio telescopes are also considered. A basic development of theory and modeling techniques is accompanied by problem sets that guide readers in developing modeling codes that retain the simplicity of the classical array factor method while incorporating mutual coupling effects and interactions between elements. Combining current research trends with pedagogical material suitable for a first-year graduate course, this is an invaluable resource for students, teachers, researchers, and practicing RF/microwave and antenna design engineers.

Computer Aided Design in Control and Engineering Systems
Computer Aided Design in Control and Engineering Systems

Author: P. Martin Larsen

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2014-05-17

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13: 1483152952

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Computer Aided Design in Control and Engineering Systems contains the proceedings of the 3rd International Federation of Automatic Control/International Federation for Information Processing Symposium held in Lyngby, Denmark, from July 31 to August 2, 1985. The papers review the state of the art and the trends in development of computer aided design (CAD) of control and engineering systems, techniques, procedures, and concepts. This book is comprised of 74 chapters divided into 17 sections and begins with a description of a prototype computer environment that combines expert control system analysis and design tools. The discussion then turns to decision support systems which could be used to address problems of management and control of large-scale multiproduct multiline batch manufacturing outside the mechanical engineering industries. The following chapters focus on the use of CAD in control education, industrial applications of CAD, and hardware/software systems. Some examples of universal and specialized CAD packages are presented, and applications of CAD in electric power plants, process control systems, and transportation systems are highlighted. The remaining chapters look at CAD/computer aided engineering/computer aided manufacturing systems as well as the use of mathematical methods in CAD. This monograph will be of interest to practitioners in computer science, computer engineering, and industrial engineering.

Differential Geometry In Array Processing
Differential Geometry In Array Processing

Author: Athanassios Manikas

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2004-08-24

Total Pages: 231

ISBN-13: 1783260858

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In view of the significance of the array manifold in array processing and array communications, the role of differential geometry as an analytical tool cannot be overemphasized. Differential geometry is mainly confined to the investigation of the geometric properties of manifolds in three-dimensional Euclidean space R3 and in real spaces of higher dimension.Extending the theoretical framework to complex spaces, this invaluable book presents a summary of those results of differential geometry which are of practical interest in the study of linear, planar and three-dimensional array geometries.