The First Carlist War broke out after the death of King Ferdinand VII, the king restored at the end of the Peninsular War thanks to Wellington's victory. The crown was claimed by both his daughter Isabella, backed by the Liberal party and his brother Don Carlos, at the head of northern ultra-conservatives centred in the Basque provinces and Navarre. The Liberals or 'Cristinos' were supported by a 10,000-strong British Legion of volunteers led by a former aide to Wellington as well as the British Royal Navy, a Portuguese division, and the French Foreign Legion. With both armies still using Napoleonic weapons and tactics, early victories were won by the Basque general Zumalacarregui. After his death in 1835 a see-saw series of campaigns followed, fought by conventional armies of horse, foot and guns, supported by many irregulars and guerrillas. This little known multi-national campaign provides a fascinating postscript to the Peninsular War of 1808–14, and its uniforms present a colourful and varied spectacle.
The First Carlist War broke out after the death of King Ferdinand VII, the king restored at the end of the Peninsular War thanks to Wellington's victory. The crown was claimed by both his daughter Isabella, backed by the Liberal party and his brother Don Carlos, at the head of northern ultra-conservatives centred in the Basque provinces and Navarre. The Liberals or 'Cristinos' were supported by a 10,000-strong British Legion of volunteers led by a former aide to Wellington as well as the British Royal Navy, a Portuguese division, and the French Foreign Legion. With both armies still using Napoleonic weapons and tactics, early victories were won by the Basque general Zumalacarregui. After his death in 1835 a see-saw series of campaigns followed, fought by conventional armies of horse, foot and guns, supported by many irregulars and guerrillas. This little known multi-national campaign provides a fascinating postscript to the Peninsular War of 1808–14, and its uniforms present a colourful and varied spectacle.
The First Carlist War broke out after the death of King Ferdinand VII, the king restored at the end of the Peninsular War thanks to Wellington's victory. The crown was claimed by both his daughter Isabella, backed by the Liberal party and his brother Don Carlos, at the head of northern ultra-conservatives centred in the Basque provinces and Navarre. The Liberals or 'Cristinos' were supported by a 10,000-strong British Legion of volunteers led by a former aide to Wellington as well as the British Royal Navy, a Portuguese division, and the French Foreign Legion. With both armies still using Napoleonic weapons and tactics, early victories were won by the Basque general Zumalacarregui. After his death in 1835 a see-saw series of campaigns followed, fought by conventional armies of horse, foot and guns, supported by many irregulars and guerrillas. This little known multi-national campaign provides a fascinating postscript to the Peninsular War of 1808–14, and its uniforms present a colourful and varied spectacle.
This title explores and illustrates the armies of France, and six countries allied against Louis XIV, in a wide-ranging Continental conflict that ushered in more than a century of European warfare. Formed in 1689, the 'Grand Alliance' or League of Augsburg was a military coalition of the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, Britain, Spain and the Duchy of Savoy, to resist Louis XIV's rich, powerful and expansionist France. The first stage of the nine year conflict that followed also coincided with the so-called 'Glorious Revolution' in Britain (1688–91), when the throne passed to the Dutch Protestant leader, William of Orange, the head of a multi-national Dutch, Danish and English army, which finally expelled James II's Jacobite and French forces from Ireland. The long war on the continent was notable for the first widespread use of regimental uniforms and flintlock muskets with bayonets, plus the sophisticated use of siege warfare under the great French engineer, Vauban. The final Treaties of Ryswyck (1697) brought the war to an end and marked Louis XIV's political zenith, and also the ascendancy of both the Dutch and British as first-rate global powers. This fully illustrated title explores the armies which fought the War of the Grand Alliance, examining their strength, organization, uniforms and weapons, and explaining their campaigns and major battles.
Spain's First Carlist War was an unlikely agent of modernity. It pitted town against country, subalterns against elites, and Europe's Liberal powers against Absolute Monarchies. This book traces the individual, collective and international experience of this conflict, giving equal attention to battle fronts and home fronts.
While both Spain and Poland developed genteel cultures grounded in Catholic religion, and experienced periods of growth followed by long decline, it is also the case that large differences in political economy and military structures also existed. Thus while Spain merely declined in power, Poland was partitioned by three powerful and rapacious neighbors. The Catholic and conservative elements that have been strong in both Poland and Spain have often been portrayed as obscure nativist and racist and even fascist. The purpose of this volume is to move beyond the simplistic vision this created about both countries into a more balanced and careful appraisal of tradition and development. Puncturing this stereotype, Eugene Genovese wryly notes that "as every schoolboy knows, Europe's Catholic Right has consisted of reactionaries who began in the service of residual feudal landowners and ended in support of big capital's exploitation and oppression of the masses. Still, the totalitarian horrors of the twentieth century proved prescient....the warnings of the Catholic traditionalist Right about the consequences of radical democracy and cultural nihilism. These splendid essays, as readable as they are scholarly, launch a long overdue assessment of vital political events." Ewa Thompson, professor of Slavic Studies at Rice University, writes. "The fall of Communism facilitated growth of research in areas previously difficult to access. One such area is Polish interest in Spain, the history of the Catholic Right in Europe. This pioneering volume explores both narratives and succeeds in showing that they are related. The similarities have to do with the symmetrical positions of Poland and Spain asfrontiers of Europe against invasions from Islam. The present collection of papers explores recent history developing against this background."
A must-see for gastronomes, football fans, architecture and design aficionados, and frankly anyone with a lust for life, Barcelona is undoubtedly one of Europe's most exciting places to visit. Whether it's your first trip or your fiftieth, the city won't fail to surprise you, and with The Rough Guide to Barcelona you can discover the very best it has to offer. In full colour throughout, with dozens of colour photos and colour-coded maps, the Rough Guide not only gives you the finest coverage of Barcelona's historical sights, including the magnificent Gaudí creations like the Sagrada Família, but also has a keen eye for offbeat attractions and in-the-know sights, from quirky museums to neighbourhood tapas joints, city beaches to urban parks. Local experts have provided up-to-date reviews of the best hotels, bars, restaurants and clubs for all budgets - together with detailed neighbourhood maps, with every sight and listing plotted, and suggested day trips, such as Cava tasting or visiting the Museu Dalí in Figueres, you'll have all you need to get under the skin of this world-class city. Make the most of your holiday with The Rough Guide to Barcelona.
The Rough Guide to Barcelona is the ultimate guide to this intoxicating Spanish city, whether you are backpacking on a budget, or city-breaking in luxury. This up-to-date guide has an introduction that showcases the colourful streets and astonishing architecture, and there are newer sections exploring Antoni Gaudi and modernism, as well as Barcelona’s exotic festivals. The city is covered neighbourhood by neighbourhood, with dozens of reviews for restaurant and hotels in Barcelona, easy-to-use maps and area highlights. With all the practical advice you need, and in-depth examinations of Catalan history, culture, music, cuisine, sport and folklore, this if the must-have item for any trip to Barcelona, from the adrenalin junkies to those craving some first-class tapas. Make the most of your time with The Rough Guide to Barcelona!
This Barcelona guidebook is perfect for independent travellers planning a longer trip. It features all of the must-see sights and a wide range of off-the-beaten-track places. It also provides detailed practical information on preparing for a trip and what to do on the ground. And this Barcelona travel guidebook is printed on paper from responsible sources, and verified to meet the FSC’s strict environmental and social standards. This Barcelona guidebook covers: The Ramblas; Barri Gótic; El Raval; Sant Pere, La Ribera and Ciutadella; The waterfront; Montjuïc; Dreta de l'Eixample; Esquerra de l'Eixample; Sagrada Família and Glòries; Gràcia, Park Güell and Horta; Les Corts, Pedralbes and Sarrià-Sant Gervasi; Tibidabo and Parc de Collserola; Out of the city. Inside this Barcelona travel book, you’ll find: A wide range of sights – Rough Guides experts have hand-picked places for travellers with different needs and desires: off-the-beaten-track adventures, family activities or chilled-out breaks Itinerary examples – created for different time frames or types of trip Practical information – how to get to Barcelona, all about public transport, food and drink, shopping, travelling with children, sports and outdoor activities, tips for travellers with disabilities and more Author picks and things not to miss in Barcelona – La Pedrera, city beaches, a tapas tour, Camp Nou, Fundació Joan Miró, La Seu, Transbordador Aeri, Tibidabo, Casa Batlló, La Boqueria, Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya (MNAC), The Ramblas, Park Güell, Museu Picasso, Sagrada Família, Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA) Insider recommendations – tips on how to beat the crowds, save time and money, and find the best local spots When to go to Barcelona – high season, low season, climate information and festivals Where to go – a clear introduction to Barcelona with key places and a handy overview Extensive coverage of regions, places and experiences – regional highlights, sights and places for different types of travellers, with experiences matching different needs Places to eat, drink and stay – hand-picked restaurants, cafes, bars and hotels Practical info at each site – hours of operation, websites, transit tips, charges Colour-coded mapping – with keys and legends listing sites categorised as highlights, eating, accommodation, shopping, drinking and nightlife Background information for connoisseurs – history, culture, art, architecture, film, books, religion, diversity Essential Spanish, Catalan dictionary and glossary of local terms Fully updated post-COVID-19 The guide provides a comprehensive and rich selection of places to see and things to do in Barcelona, as well as great planning tools. It’s the perfect companion, both ahead of your trip and on the ground.
