Antigen Receptor Regulation of Protein Kinase D
Author: Christopher David Wood
Publisher:
Published: 2005
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
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Author: Christopher David Wood
Publisher:
Published: 2005
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Antonius M. VanDongen
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2008-10-29
Total Pages: 368
ISBN-13: 142004415X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe NMDA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system and in adult neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, it is not surprising that this receptor has been widely studied. However, despite the importance of rhythms for the sustenance of life, this aspect of NMDAR function remains poorly studied. Written
Author: Ayse Basak Engin
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2021-02-04
Total Pages: 415
ISBN-13: 3030498441
DOWNLOAD EBOOKProtein phosphorylation via protein kinases is an inevitable process that alters physiological and pathological functions of the cells. Thus, protein kinases play key roles in the regulation of cell life or death decisions. Protein kinases are frequently a driving factor in a variety of human diseases including aging and cellular senescence, immune system and endothelial dysfunctions, cancers, insulin resistance, cholestasis and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as bacterial resistance in persistent infections. Recent developments in quantitative proteomics provide important opinions on kinase inhibitor selectivity and their modes of action in the biological context. Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death aims to have the reader catch insights about up-to-date opinions on “Protein Kinases” related pathways that threaten human health and life. As “Protein Kinases” are related to many health problems, clinicians, basic science researchers and students need this information. Chapter “Signal Transduction in Immune Cells and Protein Kinases” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author: Jen Liou
Publisher:
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 342
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Jonathan Soboloff
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2017-03-27
Total Pages: 258
ISBN-13: 149870509X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKT cells play a vital role mediating adaptive immunity, a specific acquired resistance to an infectious agent produced by the introduction of an antigen. There are a variety of T cell types with different functions. They are called T cells, because they are derived from the thymus gland. This volume discusses how T cells are regulated through the operation of signaling mechanisms. Topics covered include positive and negative selection, early events in T cell receptor engagement, and various T cell subsets.
Author: Sharon Matthews
Publisher:
Published: 2000
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: An Rykx
Publisher:
Published: 2007-05
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13: 9789058676061
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Tomohiro Kurosaki
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2015-12-26
Total Pages: 233
ISBN-13: 3319261339
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2014
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKMembers of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of Ser/Thr kinases are encoded by nine distinct but closely related genes, which give rise to more than 12 different protein isoforms via a mechanism of alternative RNA splicing. Most PKC proteins are ubiquitously expressed and participate in a plethora of functions in most cell types. A majority of PKC isoforms is also expressed in cells of the immune system in which they are involved in signal transduction downstream of a range of surface receptors, including the antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes. PKC proteins are central to signal initiation and propagation, and to the regulation of processes leading to immune cell proliferation, differentiation, homing and survival. As a result, PKC proteins directly impact on the quality and quantity of immune responses and indirectly on the host resistance to pathogens and tendency to develop immune deficiencies and autoimmune diseases. A significant progress was made in recent years in understanding the regulation of PKC enzymes, their mechanism of action and their role in determining immunocyte behavior This volume reviews the most significant contributions made in the field of immune cell regulation by PKC enzymes. Several manuscripts are devoted to the role of distinct PKC isoforms in the regulation of selected immunocyte responses. Additional manuscripts review more general mechanisms of regulation of PKC enzymes, either by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or controlled proteolysis, or by interaction with different binding proteins that may alter the conformation, activity and subcellular location of PKC. Both types of mechanisms can introduce conformational changes in the molecule, which may affect its ability to interact with cofactors, ATP, or substrates. This topic will be followed by a discussion on the positive and negative impact of individual PKC isoforms on cell cycle regulation. A second section of this volume concentrates on selected topics relevant to role of the novel PKC isoform, PKC-theta, in T lymphocyte function. PKC-theta plays important and some non-redundant roles in T cell activation and is a key isoform that recruits to the immunological synapse - the surface membrane area in T cells that comes in direct contact with antigen presenting cells. The immunological synapse is formed in T cells within seconds following the engagement of the TCR by a peptide-bound MHC molecule on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. It serves as a platform for receptors, adaptor proteins, and effector molecules, which assemble into multimolecular activation complexes required for signal transduction. The unique ability of PKC-theta to activate the NF-kB, AP-1 and NF-AT transcription factors is well established, and recent studies contributed essential information on the mechanisms involved in the recruitment of PKC-theta to the center of the immunological synapse and the nature of its substrates and the role of their phosphorylated forms in signal transduction. Additional review manuscripts will describe the unique behavior of PKC-theta in regulatory T cells and its role in the regulation of other cell populations, including those of the innate immune response. This volume brings together leading experts from different disciplines that review the most recent discoveries and offer new perspectives on the contributions of PKC isoforms to biochemical processes and signaling events in different immune cell populations and their impact on the overall host immune response.
Author: Vikram Ramnath Rao
Publisher:
Published: 2006
Total Pages: 328
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe remarkable ability of the brain to convert transient experiences into enduring memories has long been attributed to activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength. Long-lasting changes in synaptic strength essential for learning and memory require neuronal gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In particular, the mechanisms by which synaptic activity triggers neuronal gene expression, and by which gene products act specifically at synapses that triggered their expression, are poorly understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we investigated the activity-dependent regulation of Arc, an immediate-early gene essential for synaptic plasticity. We found that neurons regulate Arc expression at multiple levels, and that pathways that control Arc transcription integrate signals from NMDA and AMPA receptors. A role for AMPA receptors in regulating Arc expression is particularly surprising in light of the prevailing view that AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and effect short-term plasticity, but do not directly regulate neuronal gene expression. We examined the mechanism by which AMPA receptors control Arc transcription and identified a role for pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. This finding adds to a growing body of evidence that AMPA receptors are cell-surface signal transducers, not just passive conduits for current flux. We also provide preliminary evidence that another molecule, protein kinase D (PKD), may play a critical role in activity-dependent neuronal gene expression. PKD regulates histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated gene expression in cardiomyocytes and lymphocytes, but virtually nothing is known about its role in neurons. We found that NMDA receptor stimulation induces PKD activation and dendritic translocation. NMDA receptors also regulate the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of HDACs, suggesting that PKD may mediate a novel synapse-to-nucleus signal transduction pathway. Indeed, protein microarray experiments identified neuronal substrates of PKD that are known to regulate synaptic function. Thus, our investigation of Arc and PKD uncovered novel mechanisms by which neuronal activity couples to gene expression. The diversity of mechanisms that regulate Arc and PKD likely reflects the complexity of neuronal adaptive responses to synaptic activity.