Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age

Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2007-06-28

Total Pages: 450

ISBN-13: 0309134005

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Privacy is a growing concern in the United States and around the world. The spread of the Internet and the seemingly boundaryless options for collecting, saving, sharing, and comparing information trigger consumer worries. Online practices of business and government agencies may present new ways to compromise privacy, and e-commerce and technologies that make a wide range of personal information available to anyone with a Web browser only begin to hint at the possibilities for inappropriate or unwarranted intrusion into our personal lives. Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age presents a comprehensive and multidisciplinary examination of privacy in the information age. It explores such important concepts as how the threats to privacy evolving, how can privacy be protected and how society can balance the interests of individuals, businesses and government in ways that promote privacy reasonably and effectively? This book seeks to raise awareness of the web of connectedness among the actions one takes and the privacy policies that are enacted, and provides a variety of tools and concepts with which debates over privacy can be more fruitfully engaged. Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age focuses on three major components affecting notions, perceptions, and expectations of privacy: technological change, societal shifts, and circumstantial discontinuities. This book will be of special interest to anyone interested in understanding why privacy issues are often so intractable.


Animal Lives Worth Living

Animal Lives Worth Living

Author: Ruth C. Newberry

Publisher: Brill Wageningen Academic

Published: 2019-08-05

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789086863389

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The main theme of this year's congress is 'Animal lives worth living'. This theme focuses on our responsibility for all animals kept or influenced by humans, to ensure that we can provide a life for them that takes into account all relevant aspects of animal welfare, aided by applied ethology as the key scientific discipline. This not only means avoiding and alleviating suffering but also promoting resilience and positive experiences. By monitoring and interpreting animal behaviour, we gain important insights into each of these aspects of quality of life.


Optimization for Machine Learning

Optimization for Machine Learning

Author: Suvrit Sra

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 509

ISBN-13: 026201646X

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An up-to-date account of the interplay between optimization and machine learning, accessible to students and researchers in both communities. The interplay between optimization and machine learning is one of the most important developments in modern computational science. Optimization formulations and methods are proving to be vital in designing algorithms to extract essential knowledge from huge volumes of data. Machine learning, however, is not simply a consumer of optimization technology but a rapidly evolving field that is itself generating new optimization ideas. This book captures the state of the art of the interaction between optimization and machine learning in a way that is accessible to researchers in both fields. Optimization approaches have enjoyed prominence in machine learning because of their wide applicability and attractive theoretical properties. The increasing complexity, size, and variety of today's machine learning models call for the reassessment of existing assumptions. This book starts the process of reassessment. It describes the resurgence in novel contexts of established frameworks such as first-order methods, stochastic approximations, convex relaxations, interior-point methods, and proximal methods. It also devotes attention to newer themes such as regularized optimization, robust optimization, gradient and subgradient methods, splitting techniques, and second-order methods. Many of these techniques draw inspiration from other fields, including operations research, theoretical computer science, and subfields of optimization. The book will enrich the ongoing cross-fertilization between the machine learning community and these other fields, and within the broader optimization community.


Proceedings of the 51st Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology

Proceedings of the 51st Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology

Author: Margit Bak Jensen

Publisher: Brill Wageningen Academic

Published: 2017-08-07

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789086863112

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Understanding animal behaviour is the overall theme of the 51st Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. This abstract book gives an overview of interaction between animals and the environments in which they are kept and to improve animal welfare.


Elements of Causal Inference

Elements of Causal Inference

Author: Jonas Peters

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2017-11-29

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 0262037319

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A concise and self-contained introduction to causal inference, increasingly important in data science and machine learning. The mathematization of causality is a relatively recent development, and has become increasingly important in data science and machine learning. This book offers a self-contained and concise introduction to causal models and how to learn them from data. After explaining the need for causal models and discussing some of the principles underlying causal inference, the book teaches readers how to use causal models: how to compute intervention distributions, how to infer causal models from observational and interventional data, and how causal ideas could be exploited for classical machine learning problems. All of these topics are discussed first in terms of two variables and then in the more general multivariate case. The bivariate case turns out to be a particularly hard problem for causal learning because there are no conditional independences as used by classical methods for solving multivariate cases. The authors consider analyzing statistical asymmetries between cause and effect to be highly instructive, and they report on their decade of intensive research into this problem. The book is accessible to readers with a background in machine learning or statistics, and can be used in graduate courses or as a reference for researchers. The text includes code snippets that can be copied and pasted, exercises, and an appendix with a summary of the most important technical concepts.


Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Author: Adam Bohr

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2020-06-21

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 0128184396

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare is more than a comprehensive introduction to artificial intelligence as a tool in the generation and analysis of healthcare data. The book is split into two sections where the first section describes the current healthcare challenges and the rise of AI in this arena. The ten following chapters are written by specialists in each area, covering the whole healthcare ecosystem. First, the AI applications in drug design and drug development are presented followed by its applications in the field of cancer diagnostics, treatment and medical imaging. Subsequently, the application of AI in medical devices and surgery are covered as well as remote patient monitoring. Finally, the book dives into the topics of security, privacy, information sharing, health insurances and legal aspects of AI in healthcare. - Highlights different data techniques in healthcare data analysis, including machine learning and data mining - Illustrates different applications and challenges across the design, implementation and management of intelligent systems and healthcare data networks - Includes applications and case studies across all areas of AI in healthcare data


Causation, Prediction, and Search

Causation, Prediction, and Search

Author: Peter Spirtes

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 551

ISBN-13: 1461227488

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This book is intended for anyone, regardless of discipline, who is interested in the use of statistical methods to help obtain scientific explanations or to predict the outcomes of actions, experiments or policies. Much of G. Udny Yule's work illustrates a vision of statistics whose goal is to investigate when and how causal influences may be reliably inferred, and their comparative strengths estimated, from statistical samples. Yule's enterprise has been largely replaced by Ronald Fisher's conception, in which there is a fundamental cleavage between experimental and non experimental inquiry, and statistics is largely unable to aid in causal inference without randomized experimental trials. Every now and then members of the statistical community express misgivings about this turn of events, and, in our view, rightly so. Our work represents a return to something like Yule's conception of the enterprise of theoretical statistics and its potential practical benefits. If intellectual history in the 20th century had gone otherwise, there might have been a discipline to which our work belongs. As it happens, there is not. We develop material that belongs to statistics, to computer science, and to philosophy; the combination may not be entirely satisfactory for specialists in any of these subjects. We hope it is nonetheless satisfactory for its purpose.


Digital Personalized Health and Medicine

Digital Personalized Health and Medicine

Author: L.B. Pape-Haugaard

Publisher: IOS Press

Published: 2020-06-17

Total Pages: 1498

ISBN-13: 1643680838

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Digital health and medical informatics have grown in importance in recent years, and have now become central to the provision of effective healthcare around the world. This book presents the proceedings of the 30th Medical Informatics Europe conference (MIE). This edition of the conference, hosted by the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) since the 1970s, was due to be held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2020, but as a result of measures to prevent the spread of the Covid19 pandemic, the conference itself had to be cancelled. Nevertheless, because this collection of papers offers a wealth of knowledge and experience across the full spectrum of digital health and medicine, it was decided to publish the submissions accepted in the review process and confirmed by the Scientific Program Committee for publication, and these are published here as planned. The 232 papers are themed under 6 section headings: biomedical data, tools and methods; supporting care delivery; health and prevention; precision medicine and public health; human factors and citizen centered digital health; and ethics, legal and societal aspects. A 7th section deals with the Swiss personalized health network, and section 8 includes the 125 posters accepted for the conference. Offering an overview of current trends and developments in digital health and medical informatics, the book provides a valuable information resource for researchers and health practitioners alike.


The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning

The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning

Author: Michael Waldmann

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 769

ISBN-13: 0199399557

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Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Without our ability to discover and empirically test causal theories, we would not have made progress in various empirical sciences. The handbook brings together the leading researchers in the field of causal reasoning and offers state-of-the-art presentations of theories and research. It provides introductions of competing theories of causal reasoning, and discusses its role in various cognitive functions and domains. The final section presents research from neighboring fields.