Author: Amirhossein Sajadi

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

The wind energy has been known for a very long time. Historians estimate its age as over 3000 years old. The first written evidence indicates that windmills are heritage and history of Persia. Electrical energy from offshore wind is a relatively new source of electrical energy in contrast with conventional hydro and fossil fuel-based generation. Over the last decade, the installed capacity of wind farms has grown significantly across the globe. Regardless of technology used in the wind farm, injecting a significant amount of power into an existing power system has a huge impact on its control, stability, and resiliency. In particular, injection of the power into the transmission system concerns transfer capability, line congestion, reactive power support and synchronism in the grid. In addition, the uncertain and variable nature of wind power introduces more complexity in frequency control, unit commitment, market operation and protection. This research has developed a comprehensive methodology to identify transmission system upgrades that are needed to accommodate offshore wind projects. It also develops a series of techniques to determine operational impacts of offshore wind generation on reliability and resiliency under the steady state and dynamic operations of large-scale power systems including:Steady State Stability related issues in the system including voltage regulation and reactive power availability in the area as well as power transfer capability of the transmission system. Small Signal Stability related issues in the system as a result of variability of the offshore wind power including frequency stability by using frequency response and voltage stability by using frequency domain analysis to identify the dominant voltage modes. Large Signal Stability related issues in the system as a result of operation of variable offshore wind power including rotor angle stability, frequency stability, voltage stability for long term and short term faults. This study used a simulation model of the US Eastern Interconnection as the test system and focused on the integration of a 1000MW offshore wind farm operating in Lake Erie into FirstEnergy/PJM service territory as a case study. The findings of this research provide recommendations on offshore wind integration scenarios, the locations of points of interconnection, wind profile modeling and simulation, and computational methods to quantify performance, along with operating changes and equipment upgrades needed to mitigate system performance issues introduced by an offshore wind project.