Applications of Time-resolved Optical Spectroscopy
Applications of Time-resolved Optical Spectroscopy

Author: Volkmar Brückner

Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13:

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Time-resolved optical spectroscopy has developed rapidly in recent years, and the development of various types of lasers for ultrashort light pulses has enabled spectroscopists to increase the temporal resolution to the picosecond, and even femtosecond, range. The field of ultrafast spectroscopy, while still in its early stages, is evolving rapidly and a compilation of methods and results, their classification and critical evaluation is therefore greatly in demand. This book meets that need by summarizing and classifying current knowledge on the application of ultrafast optical methods in photophysics, photochemistry, photobiology and other related fields. Written in textbook style, it begins with a short summary and discussion of the relevant methods and devices, ranging from millisecond flash photolysis to femtosecond devices, and covering the detection of short-lived intermediates by time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. This is followed by a detailed description of data analysis and interpretation of results for various experimental methods. The authors discuss very thoroughly the precision of experimental data, the potential of data-acquisition systems and the necessity of combining various experimental methods in order to investigate complex processes. Applications are discussed from the point of view of scientists interested in the detection and investigation of (photo)reactions by means of time-resolved optical methods. The processes occurring in photophysics, photochemistry and photobiology are therefore described in connection with the information available from time-resolved optical spectra. The book is suitable both as an advanced text for students of physics and chemistry, and as a reference work for professional spectroscopists. It provides them with an introduction to the variety of processes occurring after excitation of molecules and a thorough understanding of the potentials and limitations of various ultrafast spectroscopic methods which are used to observe these processes.

Laser Ablation and Its Applications
Laser Ablation and Its Applications

Author: Claude Phipps

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 598

ISBN-13: 0387304525

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Laser ablation describes the interaction of intense optical fields with matter, in which atoms are selectively driven off by thermal or nonthermal mechanisms. The field of laser ablation physics is advancing so rapidly that its principal results are seen only in specialized journals and conferences. This is the first book that combines the most recent results in this rapidly advancing field with authoritative treatment of laser ablation and its applications, including the physics of high-power laser-matter interaction. Many practical applications exist, ranging from inertial confinement fusion to propulsion of aerostats for pollution monitoring to laser ignition of hypersonic engines to laser cleaning nanoscale contaminants in high-volume computer hard drive manufacture to direct observation of the electronic or dissociative states in atoms and molecules, to studying the properties of materials during 200kbar shocks developed in 200fs. Selecting topics which are representative of such a broad field is difficult. Laser Ablation and its Applications emphasizes the wide range of these topics rather than - as is so often the case in advanced science – focusing on one specialty or discipline. The book is divided into four sections: theory and modeling, ultrafast interactions, material processing and laser-matter interaction in novel regimes. The latter range from MALDI to ICF, SNOM’s and femtosecond nanosurgery to laser space propulsion. The book arose from the SPIE series of High Power Laser Ablation Symposia which began in 1998. It is intended for a graduate course in laser interactions with plasmas and materials, but it should be accessible to anyone with a graduate degree in physics or engineering. It is also intended as a major reference work to familiarize scientists just entering the field with laser ablation and its applications.

Time-Resolved Spectroscopy in Complex Liquids
Time-Resolved Spectroscopy in Complex Liquids

Author: Renato Torre

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-11-27

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 0387255583

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Time-Resolved Spectroscopy in Complex Liquids is intended to introduce the experimental researchers to state-of-the-art techniques in the study of the dynamics of complex liquids. The contributors concentrate on time-resolved optical spectroscopy, which recently produced many relevant results and new information about complex liquids. This is an emerging topic of soft-matter science and this book provides the most up-to-date account of new development.

Analytical Applications of Time-resolved Powerchip Laser Spectroscopy
Analytical Applications of Time-resolved Powerchip Laser Spectroscopy

Author: Jonathan Alan Merten

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Gating was shown to be beneficial in terms of limit of detection, although the ultimate limiting noise was continuum shot noise rather than detector dark noise. With evolving detector technology, these lasers will continue to find applications in analytical chemistry.

Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Biochemistry and Biology
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Biochemistry and Biology

Author: R. Cundall

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 767

ISBN-13: 1475716346

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At the time that the editors conceived the idea of trying to organize the meeting on which the contents of this volume are based and which became, in March 1980, a NATO Advanced Study Institute, the techniques of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, in both the nanosecond and sub-nanosecond time-domains, might reasonably have been said to be coming of age, both in their execution and in the analysis and interpretation of the results obtained. These techniques, then as now, comprised mainly a number of pulse methods using laser, flash-lamp or, most recently, synchrotron radiation. In addition, significant developments in the more classical phase approach had also rendered that method popular, utilizing either modulation of an otherwise continuous source or, again recently, the ultra-rapid pulse rate attainable with a synchrotron source. In general terms, time-resolved fluorescence studies are capable, under appropriate conditions, of supplying direct kinetic information on both photophysics and various aspects of molecular, macromolecular and supramolecular structure and dynamics. The nanosecond and sub-nanosecond time-scales directly probed render these techniques particularly appropriate in studying relaxation and fluctuation processes in macromolecules, particularly biopolymers (e. g. proteins, nucleic acids), in supramolecular assemblies such as cell membranes, and in a variety of relatively simpler model systems.

Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy
Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy

Author: William Schrenk

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 382

ISBN-13: 1468408119

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This textbook is an outgrowth of the author's experience in teaching a course, primarily to graduate students in chemistry, that included the subject matter presented in this book. The increasing use and importance of atomic spectroscopy as an analytical tool are quite evident to anyone involved in elemental analysis. A number of books are available that may be considered treatises in the various fields that use atomic spectra for analytical purposes. These include areas such as arc-spark emission spectroscopy, flame emission spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Other books are available that can be catalogued as "methods" books. Most of these books serve well the purpose for which they were written but are not well adapted to serve as basic textbooks in their fields. This book is intended to fill the aforementioned gap and to present the basic principles and instrumentation involved in analytical atomic spectro scopy. To meet this objective, the book includes an elementary treatment of the origin of atomic spectra, the instrumentation and accessory equipment used in atomic spectroscopy, and the principles involved in arc-spark emission, flame emission, atomic absorption, and atomic fluorescence. The chapters in the book that deal with the methods of atomic spectro scopy discuss such things as the basic principles involved in the method, the instrumentation requirements, variations of instrumentation, advantages and disadvantages of the method, problems of interferences, detection limits, the collection and processing of the data, and possible applications.

Resolving Spectral Mixtures
Resolving Spectral Mixtures

Author:

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2016-08-13

Total Pages: 676

ISBN-13: 0444636447

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Resolving Spectral Mixtures: With Applications from Ultrafast Time-Resolved Spectroscopy to Superresolution Imaging offers a comprehensive look into the most important models and frameworks essential to resolving the spectral unmixing problem—from multivariate curve resolution and multi-way analysis to Bayesian positive source separation and nonlinear unmixing. Unravelling total spectral data into the contributions from individual unknown components with limited prior information is a complex problem that has attracted continuous interest for almost four decades. Spectral unmixing is a topic of interest in statistics, chemometrics, signal processing, and image analysis. For decades, researchers from these fields were often unaware of the work in other disciplines due to their different scientific and technical backgrounds and interest in different objects or samples. This led to the development of quite different approaches to solving the same problem. This multi-authored book will bridge the gap between disciplines with contributions from a number of well-known and strongly active chemometric and signal processing research groups. Among chemists, multivariate curve resolution methods are preferred to extract information about the nature, amount, and location in time (process) and space (imaging and microscopy) of chemical constituents in complex samples. In signal processing, assumptions are usually around statistical independence of the extracted components. However, the chapters include the complexity of the spectral data to be unmixed as well as dimensionality and size of the data sets. Advanced spectroscopy is the key thread linking the different chapters. Applications cover a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Time-resolution ranges from femtosecond to second in process spectroscopy and spatial resolution covers the submicronic to macroscopic scale in hyperspectral imaging. Demonstrates how and why data analysis, signal processing, and chemometrics are essential to the spectral unmixing problem Guides the reader through the fundamentals and details of the different methods Presents extensive plots, graphical representations, and illustrations to help readers understand the features of different techniques and to interpret results Bridges the gap between disciplines with contributions from a number of well-known and highly active chemometric and signal processing research groups