Significant progress in HIV prevention and control has been achieved worldwide. This book reviews emerging challenges and new opportunities for prevention. Chapters cover such topics as challenges in the media within the context of advancing technologies and societal perceptions, barriers to antiretroviral treatment and suggestions for improvement, opportunities in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, the central role of sexual and reproductive health in consolidating a human rights-based program, and much more. Client-focused models for integrating employment as a social determinant in the HIV/AIDS programs are discussed and recommended.
The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a screening tool called the Listing of Impairments to identify claimants who are so severely impaired that they cannot work at all and thus qualify for disability benefits. In this report, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) makes several recommendations for improving SSA's capacity for determining disability benefits more accurately and quickly using the HIV Infection Listings.
This book provides human resource managers with the information necessary to cope with the ethical, legal, and financial issues surrounding AIDS--a disease that will eventually affect almost every workplace in the world. Masi offers a comprehensive Program Integration Model approach to managing the disease and shows how to develop effective policies, implement educational programs, and adapt existing Employee Assistance Programs to provide the most cost-effective and comprehensive service to employees dealing with AIDS. Unlike other books on the subject, AIDS Issues in the Workplace addresses the particular concerns of all populations affected by the disease including health-care workers, police and fire workers, persons in the arts, restaurant and hotel employees, and employees overseas. Women and minorities, substance-abusers, and the families of those afflicted with AIDS are addressed specifically. The author provides current legal information to help the employer avoid costly litigation and reviews actual policies employed by major corporations in both the public and private sectors. The result is the most comprehensive presentation of the issues related to AIDS in the workplace yet available in book form. Masi begins by examining the latest medical information on AIDS and its transmission as well as the legal issues involved. She then turns to a discussion of company policy development, demonstrating both why a clearly stated policy is important and what it should cover. Subsequent chapters point to the critical importance of continuous education in the workplace, discuss why EAPs have so far failed to be substantially involved in AIDS, and suggest roles that EAPs could serve. Three chapters address the needs and concerns of special populations and how employers can best serve these needs without appearing discriminatory. A separate chapter includes interviews with individuals who have experienced a range of AIDS-related issues in the workplace. The volume concludes with a list of resources and an appendix containing original documents from such sources as the Centers for Disease Control's Universal Precautions, their Recommendations for Health Care Settings, and handicapped legislation. Anyone confronted with the challenge of developing appropriate human resource strategies to deal with AIDS will find this book an indispensable resource.
Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.
Before effective treatments were introduced in the 1950s, tuberculosis was a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Health care workers were at particular risk. Although the occupational risk of tuberculosis has been declining in recent years, this new book from the Institute of Medicine concludes that vigilance in tuberculosis control is still needed in workplaces and communities. Tuberculosis in the Workplace reviews evidence about the effectiveness of control measuresâ€"such as those recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionâ€"intended to prevent transmission of tuberculosis in health care and other workplaces. It discusses whether proposed regulations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration would likely increase or sustain compliance with effective control measures and would allow adequate flexibility to adapt measures to the degree of risk facing workers.
Increased HIV screening may help identify more people with the disease, but there may not be enough resources to provide them with the care they need. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care concludes that more practitioners must be trained in HIV/AIDS care and treatment and their hospitals, clinics, and health departments must receive sufficient funding to meet a growing demand for care.
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance of safety and ergonomics in the workplace. From work-life balance and mental health to risk prevention, maintaining a healthy and happy workforce has become essential for the progress of every company. Moreover, ensuring inclusive spaces has become a pillar of business with some worrying that the diversity agenda will be overshadowed by the recent pandemic. It is imperative that current research is compiled that sheds light on the advancements being made in promoting diversity and wellbeing in the modern workforce. The Research Anthology on Changing Dynamics of Diversity and Safety in the Workforce is a comprehensive reference source that provides the latest emerging research on diversity management and initiatives as well as occupational health and safety practices in the workplace. These concepts are necessary for global workplaces to remain safe, efficient, and inclusive. Covering topics such as employee equity, human resources practices, and worker wellbeing, this anthology provides an excellent resource for researchers, human resources personnel, managers, safety officers, policymakers, CEOs, students, professors, and academicians.
The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.
Health experts estimate that one million people in the United States are HIV positive, but new medical treatments allow many to work for years after contracting the AIDS virus. Drawing on the most comprehensive and up-to-date information now available on the complex legal and ethical issues related to AIDS, attorney William F. Banta explains employers', employees', and applicants' rights and responsibilities as defined by the new Americans with Disabilities Act, OSHA, COBRA, the National Labor Relations Act, state and local laws, arbitration awards, and the Centers for Disease Control. He clarifies the complex issues of hiring, firing, insuring, and testing applicants and employees with the AIDS virus. More than any other group of employees, physicians, nurses, dentists, and other health care workers have generated concern about transmitting or acquiring HIV on the job. While the risk of actual infection is very low for medical practitioners, and even more remote for patients, health care employers should develop policies and procedures to guide them through complex and sensitive situations and limit their liability in the event of a legal challenge. They must balance the infected employee's right to work against the obligation to protect the patient. They must weigh the obligation to treat infected patients against the right of employees to safe working conditions. They must consider the right of an employee or patient to know the HIV condition of the other, as well as the infected person's right to confidentiality. William Banta cuts through the medical, legal, and ethical morass to analyze these matters with clarity. The extensive appendix of laws and regulations, governmentrecommendations, checklists, and sample policies will assist readers in developing or evaluating their own workplace procedures. Workers who are HIV positive, managers, union officials, attorneys, and physicians, will find valuable advice on one of the most urgent problems of the 1990s.
