This book introduces a range of citizen science approaches to the coastal and marine sciences, introducing a variety of case studies. It goes beyond the narrow definition of citizen science, and also includes the contributions to science provided by the wider tourism industry. Various methods are discussed, including traditional surveys, the use of social media and GPS tracking as sources for data, and citizen science contributions through online platforms and apps, as well as tour operator sighting logs.
This book introduces a range of citizen science approaches to the coastal and marine sciences, introducing a variety of case studies. It goes beyond the narrow definition of citizen science, and also includes the contributions to science provided by the wider tourism industry. Various methods are discussed, including traditional surveys, the use of social media and GPS tracking as sources for data, and citizen science contributions through online platforms and apps, as well as tour operator sighting logs.
Federal agencies have taken steps to include the public in a wide range of environmental decisions. Although some form of public participation is often required by law, agencies usually have broad discretion about the extent of that involvement. Approaches vary widely, from holding public information-gathering meetings to forming advisory groups to actively including citizens in making and implementing decisions. Proponents of public participation argue that those who must live with the outcome of an environmental decision should have some influence on it. Critics maintain that public participation slows decision making and can lower its quality by including people unfamiliar with the science involved. This book concludes that, when done correctly, public participation improves the quality of federal agencies' decisions about the environment. Well-managed public involvement also increases the legitimacy of decisions in the eyes of those affected by them, which makes it more likely that the decisions will be implemented effectively. This book recommends that agencies recognize public participation as valuable to their objectives, not just as a formality required by the law. It details principles and approaches agencies can use to successfully involve the public.
This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field. .
