Advances in Chemical Analysis Procedures (Part II)

Advances in Chemical Analysis Procedures (Part II)

Author: Marcello Locatelli

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2021-01-20

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 3039367862

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In the field of Analytical Chemistry and, in particular, whenever a quali-quantitative analysis is required, until a few years ago, reference was made exclusively to instrumental methods (more or less hyphenated) which, once validated, were able to provide the answers to the questions present, even if only in a limited way to analytical targets. Nowadays, the landscape has become considerably complicated (natural adulterants, assessment of geographical origin, sophistication, need for non-destructive analysis, search for often unknown compounds), and new procedures for processing data have greatly increased the potential of analyses that are conducted (even routinely) in the laboratory. In this scenario, chemometrics is master, able to manage and process a huge amount of information based both on data relating only to the analytes of interest, but also by applying “general” procedures to process raw untargeted analysis data. It is within this strand of analysis that many of the works reported in this Special Issue fall. In the succession of works in this printed version, the criterion that guided us was to highlight how—starting exclusively from chromatographic techniques (HPLC and GC) with conventional detectors and moving to exclusively spectroscopic techniques (MS, FT-IR and Raman)—it is possible arrive at extremely powerful coupled techniques and procedures (HPLC and FT-IR) able to meet research needs. Finally, at the end of the printed volume, there are two reviews that surveying the state of the art regarding the assessment of authenticity through qualitative analyses and the application of chemometrics in the pharmaceutical field in the study of forced drug degradation products. From the succession of works (and, above all, from the various application fields) it can immediately be seen how the application of chemometrics and its procedures to both raw and processed data is a powerful means of obtaining robust, reproducible, and predictive information. In this manner, it is possible to create models able to explain and respond to the original problem in a much more detailed way. , and Honghe through Fourier transform mid infrared (FT-MIR) spectra combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), random forest (RF), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods. Melucci and collaborators apply chemometric approaches to non-destructive analysis of ATR-FT-IR for the determination of biosilica content. This value was directly evaluated in sediment samples, without any chemical alteration, using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and the quantification was performed by combining the multivariate standard addition method (MSAM) with the net analyte signal (NAS) procedure to solve the strong matrix effect of sediment samples. Still in the food and food supplements field, Anguebes-Franseschi and collaborators report an article where 10 chemometric models based on Raman spectroscopy were applied to predict the physicochemical properties of honey produced in the state of Campeche, Mexico.


Advances in Chemical Analysis Procedures (Part I)

Advances in Chemical Analysis Procedures (Part I)

Author: Marcello Locatelli

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-12-02

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 3039365770

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The availability (and the development) of innovative approaches to quantitative analyses and the data processing are often mandatory to deeply characterize a sample and to correctly highlight the analytical target. These objectives are carried out either by simply improving a single aspect of the analytical protocol or by developing a synergy of steps (from extraction to instrumental configuration to chemometric approaches) to obtain the maximum analytical information sought. Examples are innovative extraction protocols (also following the recent guidelines on green analytical chemistry) or new materials for the selective extraction of target compounds, multi-analytes screening methods, and "untargeted" approaches for food applications. In this text, the various articles are attributable to these elements, in particular, we start with a multi-analyte method for the determination of 10 different cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. by means of conventional techniques (Mandrioli and coworkers), to then see the application of techniques hyphenated "ultra-fast" by UPLC-MS for the authentication of food products (Xue and coworkers). The work of Song and coworkers on these applications in food products is also interesting, as it highlights how the collection process (and the timing of this passage) can affect the chemical profile and, consequently, the biological activity of Panax ginseng. Mocan and coworkers, applying an innovative extraction technique based on microwaves and applying well-known, robust, and easy-to-use instrumentation, have demonstrated how it is possible to discriminate between various species of Galium and how the chemical profiles obtained can support the biological activities observed. Similarly, but with the aim of developing new sample pretreatment procedures, Maggira and collaborators have developed graphene oxide-based materials for the selective extraction of sulfonamides in milk. Shen and coworkers apply a different type of approach, the "untargeted" one, for the geographical characterization of the Gentian Rigescens for which they combine chemometric techniques for the processing of raw chemical profile data. Wang and coworkers report a multiclass screening of drugs with high-resolution mass spectrometry through which they manage to obtain a high-scale, fast screening method for pesticides in fishery drugs based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer.


Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3

Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3

Author: D. L. Sparks

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-01-22

Total Pages: 1424

ISBN-13: 0891188258

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A thorough presentation of analytical methods for characterizing soil chemical properties and processes, Methods, Part 3 includes chapters on Fourier transform infrared, Raman, electron spin resonance, x-ray photoelectron, and x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies, and more.


Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis

Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis

Author: Seyed Mohammad Nabavi

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2020-03-07

Total Pages: 880

ISBN-13: 0128175192

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Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis is a thorough guide to the latest analytical methods used for identifying and studying bioactive phytochemicals and other natural products. Chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids and saponins are examined, highlighting the many techniques for studying their properties. Each chapter is devoted to a compound category, beginning with the underlying chemical properties of the main components followed by techniques of extraction, purification and fractionation, and then techniques of identification and quantification. Biological activities, possible interactions, levels found in plants, the effects of processing, and current and potential industrial applications are also included. - Focuses on the latest analytical techniques used for studying phytochemical and other biological compounds - Authored and edited by the top worldwide experts in their field - Discusses the current and potential applications and predicts future trends of each compound group


Advanced Technologies and Applications of Neutron Activation Analysis

Advanced Technologies and Applications of Neutron Activation Analysis

Author: Lylia Alghem Hamidatou

Publisher:

Published: 2019-04-17

Total Pages: 123

ISBN-13: 1789859735

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This book highlights the advanced technologies and applications of neutron activation analysis (NAA). It discusses the latest developments influencing the performance and utility of different NAA techniques across wide areas of applications: nuclear technology, industry, medicine, clinical investigations, biology, geochemistry, soil contamination, waste management, diet, lifestyle and health, cosmology, archeology, forensic science, etc. The overall goal of the book is to promote innovation and development of NAA techniques, technologies, and nuclear culture by presenting high-quality chapters with numerous results at both national and international levels. The book will serve as a source for graduate and postgraduate students in nuclear sciences and applications and nuclear analytical techniques, experienced practitioners who want to implement or use other varieties of NAA, professional technicians and analysts, users of NAA, and other stakeholders who wish to better understand NAA techniques.