First published in 1987, Administered Protection in America follows calls in the United States, at that time, for the protection of American industries and the preservation of jobs threatened by foreign competition. Professor Rugman’s and Dr Anderson’s work presents evidence that the United States already has a system of administered protection in place in the form of escape clauses, countervailing duty and anti-dumping procedures. The book argues that the application of these procedures by a largely decentralised administration has reduced United States state policy to a state of near anarchy. Rugman and Anderson argue that this is counterproductive for the United States and extremely harmful for America’s trading partners in Europe, Canada and the Far East. The conclusion looks at discussions of trade negotiations with Canada, in which Canada was pursuing a bilateral free trade agreement with the United States.
Inspired by and drawing from the work of many who have addressed similar and related issues of trade protectionism (e.g., Taussig, Schattschnieder, Bhagwati, Pastor, Rugman, Anderson, Brovard, Finger, Hall, Nelson, Boltuck, Litan, Pattison, Clubb, Waller, just to name a few), this study analyzes the historical development and application of the United States Antidumping and Countervailing Duty legislation from a political economy perspective. Political Economy is concerned with depicting relationships between political processes and economic processes. It is grounded on an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the human condition within an institutional framework. It is from this perspective that the following study proceeds and concludes. It is well settled that national wealth is the result of multi-dimensional causes including the external physical circumstances of the countries in question, the intelligence and moral character of their people, and their political and social institutions. The U.S. process of administered protection is among those institutions that impacts national wealth. To assess that impact, this study employs three political-economic perspectives: 1) economic theory, 2) public choice theory, and 3) institutional theory. A Coasean economic theory of regulation suggests the process is inefficient. Public interest theory suggests that the process is unprincipled and unfair. And institutional theory suggests the process is biased toward protectionism. From a domestic perspective, the extent to which this process is inefficient suggests that it negatively impacts national wealth. From a foreign policy perspective, the extent to which the process is a system of de facto protectionism threatens the legitimacy of the United States' proclaimed commitment to liberalized international trade. The extent to which the process is unprincipled and unfair (that is, characterized by unguided discretion and arbitrariness in procedure or outcome) it undermines the legitimacy of policy and the governmental process itself. And finally, the extent to which systematic bias is institutionalized within the formal rules and organizational behaviors of agencies responsible for administering this process it threatens the international trade policy of the GATT and WTO. Dr. Kevin S. Marshall is Dean and Professor of Law at the University of La Verne College of Law in Ontario, California.
Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
First published in 1987, Administered Protection in America follows calls in the United States, at that time, for the protection of American industries and the preservation of jobs threatened by foreign competition. Professor Rugman’s and Dr Anderson’s work presents evidence that the United States already has a system of administered protection in place in the form of escape clauses, countervailing duty and anti-dumping procedures. The book argues that the application of these procedures by a largely decentralised administration has reduced United States state policy to a state of near anarchy. Rugman and Anderson argue that this is counterproductive for the United States and extremely harmful for America’s trading partners in Europe, Canada and the Far East. The conclusion looks at discussions of trade negotiations with Canada, in which Canada was pursuing a bilateral free trade agreement with the United States.
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Does the identification number 60 indicate a toxic substance or a flammable solid, in the molten state at an elevated temperature? Does the identification number 1035 indicate ethane or butane? What is the difference between natural gas transmission pipelines and natural gas distribution pipelines? If you came upon an overturned truck on the highway that was leaking, would you be able to identify if it was hazardous and know what steps to take? Questions like these and more are answered in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Learn how to identify symbols for and vehicles carrying toxic, flammable, explosive, radioactive, or otherwise harmful substances and how to respond once an incident involving those substances has been identified. Always be prepared in situations that are unfamiliar and dangerous and know how to rectify them. Keeping this guide around at all times will ensure that, if you were to come upon a transportation situation involving hazardous substances or dangerous goods, you will be able to help keep others and yourself out of danger. With color-coded pages for quick and easy reference, this is the official manual used by first responders in the United States and Canada for transportation incidents involving dangerous goods or hazardous materials.
