Activity And Understanding: Structure Of Action And Orientated Linguistics

Activity And Understanding: Structure Of Action And Orientated Linguistics

Author: Vitaly S Fain

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 1995-06-09

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 9814501824

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Computer understanding of natural language (NL) is commonly considered as extracting “sense” from NL texts. This deprives the problem of determinity, since the notion of “sense” lacks a formal definition. However, with a man-to-computer NL dialogue involved in some working process, any address by humans is nothing but a task for the computer to fulfil. Then it is immaterial whether the computer understands the address text sense and even the very notion of “sense”. Only the address task is to be accomplished. This means not revealing morphologic, syntactic and other text structures, but only extracting data on the task. As a result, a new theory of NL dialogue understanding has been created, called “orientated linguistics”. This theory has been brought to life as several practical systems, which have demonstrated an extremely reliable and correct understanding of a quite free and easy NL, a tiny resource consumption and simple readjustment between various subject areas and, what is more, national languages.


The Routledge Handbook of Language Learning and Technology

The Routledge Handbook of Language Learning and Technology

Author: Fiona Farr

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-02-26

Total Pages: 597

ISBN-13: 1317329422

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The exponential growth and development of modern technologies in all sectors has made it increasingly difficult for students, teachers and teacher educators to know which technologies to employ and how best to take advantage of them. The Routledge Handbook of Language Learning and Technology brings together experts in a number of key areas of development and change, and opens the field of language learning by exploring the pedagogical importance of technological innovation. The handbook is structured around six themes: historical and conceptual contexts core issues interactive and collaborative technologies for language learning corpora and data driven learning gaming and language learning purpose designed language learning resources. Led by fundamental concepts, theories and frameworks from language learning and teaching research rather than by specific technologies, this handbook is the essential reference for all students, teachers and researchers of Language Learning and TESOL. Those working in the areas of Applied Linguistics, Education and Media Studies will also find this a valuable book.


Linguistic Perspectives on the Construction of Meaning and Knowledge

Linguistic Perspectives on the Construction of Meaning and Knowledge

Author: Elke Diedrichsen

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2019-09-24

Total Pages: 407

ISBN-13: 1527540421

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This book is an exploration of the dimensions of meaning in language from several important perspectives that are of major interest to scholars today, bringing together studies from the realms of linguistic pragmatics, semantics, ontological knowledge engineering, and computational linguistics. Situated within modern functional-cognitive constructional-ontological and computational paradigms, the analyses here are supported by authentic language data, including corpus data, from a rich set of languages. Context and situation play an important but complex role in meaning elaboration. The role of context and situation is elusive and has proved difficult to elucidate with respect to meaning and knowledge representation. This volume provides evidence of the nature of the, often rapid, emergence of meaning in the digital world of the internet, social media, and Internet memes. The use of computational avatars and the rise of human language technologies, including big data and digital corpora, have made the construction of meaning and human language understanding essential to the work of linguists, cognitive scientists and computer scientists who are increasingly working together in collaborative teams to share insights.


Units of Talk – Units of Action

Units of Talk – Units of Action

Author: Beatrice Szczepek Reed

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 9027271313

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In this volume leading academics in Interactional Linguistics and Conversation Analysis consider the notion of units for the study of language and interaction. Amongst the issues being explored are the role and relevance of traditionally accepted linguistic units for the analysis of naturally occurring talk, and the identification of new units of conduct in interaction. While some chapters make suggestions on how existing linguistic units can be adapted to suit the study of conversation, others present radically new perspectives on how language in interaction should be described, conceptualised and researched. The chapters present empirical investigations into different languages (Danish, English, Japanese, Mandarin, Swedish) in a variety of settings (private and institutional), considering both linguistic and embodied resources for talk. In addressing the fundamental question of units, the volume pushes at the boundaries of current debates and contributes original new insight into the nature of language in interaction.


Issues & Trends of Information Technology Management in Contemporary Organizations

Issues & Trends of Information Technology Management in Contemporary Organizations

Author: Information Resources Management Association. International Conference

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2002-01-01

Total Pages: 878

ISBN-13: 9781930708396

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As the field of information technology continues to grow and expand, it impacts more and more organizations worldwide. The leaders within these organizations are challenged on a continuous basis to develop and implement programs that successfully apply information technology applications. This is a collection of unique perspectives on the issues surrounding IT in organizations and the ways in which these issues are addressed. This valuable book is a compilation of the latest research in the area of IT utilization and management.


Research and Development in E-Business through Service-Oriented Solutions

Research and Development in E-Business through Service-Oriented Solutions

Author: Tarnay, Katalin

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2013-06-30

Total Pages: 405

ISBN-13: 1466641827

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As businesses are continuously developing new services, procedures, and standards, electronic business has emerged into an important aspect of the science field by providing various applications through efficiently and rapidly processing information among business partners. Research and Development in E-Business through Service-Oriented Solutions highlights the main concepts of e-business as well as the advanced methods, technologies, and aspects that focus on technical support. This book is an essential reference source of professors, students, researchers, developers, and other industry experts in order to provide a vast amount of specialized knowledge sources for promoting e-business.


Roots of Human Sociality

Roots of Human Sociality

Author: Stephen C. Levinson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-08-21

Total Pages: 462

ISBN-13: 100032365X

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This book marks an exciting convergence towards the idea that human culture and cognition are rooted in the character of human social interaction, which is unique in the animal kingdom. Roots of Human Sociality attempts for the first time to explore the underlying properties of social interaction viewed from across many disciplines, and examines their origins in infant development and in human evolution. Are interaction patterns in adulthood affected by cultural differences in childhood upbringing? Apes, unlike human infants of only 12 months, fail to understand pointing and the intention behind it. Nevertheless apes can imitate and analyze complex behavior - how do they do it? Deaf children brought up by speaking parents invent their own languages. How might adults deprived of a fully organized language communicate?This book makes the case that the study of these sorts of phenomenon holds the key to understanding the foundations of human social life. The conclusion: our unique brand of social interaction is at the root of what makes us human.


How Students Write: A Linguistic Analysis

How Students Write: A Linguistic Analysis

Author: Laura Louise Aull

Publisher: Modern Language Association

Published: 2020-04-01

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13: 1603294538

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Broad generalizations about "people today" are a familiar feature of first-year student writing. How Students Write brings a fresh perspective to this perennial observation, using corpus linguistics techniques. This study analyzes sentence-level patterns in student writing to develop an understanding of how students present evidence, draw connections between ideas, relate to their readers, and, ultimately, learn to construct knowledge in their writing. Drawing on both first-year and upper-level student writing, the book examines the discourse of students at different points in their education. It also distinguishes between argumentative and analytic essays to explore the way school genres and assignments shape students' choices. In focusing on sentence-level features such as hedges ("perhaps") and boosters ("definitely"), this study shows how such rhetorical choices work together to open or close opportunities for thoughtful exchanges of ideas. Attention to these features can help instructors foster civil discourse, design effective assignments, and expose and question norms of higher education.


Subject-Oriented Business Process Management

Subject-Oriented Business Process Management

Author: Albert Fleischmann

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-10-31

Total Pages: 379

ISBN-13: 3642323928

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Activities performed in organizations are coordinated via communication between the people involved. The sentences used to communicate are naturally structured by subject, verb, and object. The subject describes the actor, the verb the action and the object what is affected by the action. Subject-oriented Business Process Management (S-BPM) as presented in this book is based on this simple structure which enables process-oriented thinking and process modeling. S-BPM puts the subject of a process at the center of attention and thus deals with business processes and their organizational environment from a new perspective, meeting organizational requirements in a much better way than traditional approaches. Subjects represent agents of an action in a process, which can be either technical or human (e.g. a thread in an IT system or a clerk). A process structures the actions of each subject and coordinates the required communication among the subjects. S-BPM provides a coherent procedural framework to model and analyze business processes: its focus is the cooperation of all stakeholders involved in the strategic, tactical, and operational issues, sharing their knowledge in a networked structure. The authors illustrate how each modeling activity through the whole development lifecycle can be supported through the use of appropriate software tools. The presentation style focuses on professionals in industry, and on students specializing in process management or organizational modeling. Each chapter begins with a summary of key findings and is full of examples, hints, and possible pitfalls. An interpreter model, a toolbox, and a glossary summarizing the main terms complete the book. The web site www.i2pm.net provides additional software tools and further material.