The importance of accuracy verification methods was understood at the very beginning of the development of numerical analysis. Recent decades have seen a rapid growth of results related to adaptive numerical methods and a posteriori estimates. However, in this important area there often exists a noticeable gap between mathematicians creating the theory and researchers developing applied algorithms that could be used in engineering and scientific computations for guaranteed and efficient error control. The goals of the book are to (1) give a transparent explanation of the underlying mathematical theory in a style accessible not only to advanced numerical analysts but also to engineers and students; (2) present detailed step-by-step algorithms that follow from a theory; (3) discuss their advantages and drawbacks, areas of applicability, give recommendations and examples.
This book seeks to introduce the reader to current methodologies in analytical calibration and validation. This collection of contributed research articles and reviews addresses current developments in the calibration of analytical methods and techniques and their subsequent validation. Section 1, "Introduction," contains the Introductory Chapter, a broad overview of analytical calibration and validation, and a brief synopsis of the following chapters. Section 2 "Calibration Approaches" presents five chapters covering calibration schemes for some modern analytical methods and techniques. The last chapter in this section provides a segue into Section 3, "Validation Approaches," which contains two chapters on validation procedures and parameters. This book is a valuable source of scientific information for anyone interested in analytical calibration and validation.
Practical approaches to ensure that analytical methods and instruments meet GMP standards and requirements Complementing the authors' first book, Analytical Method Validation and Instrument Performance Verification, this new volume provides coverage of more advanced topics, focusing on additional and supplemental methods, instruments, and electronic systems that are used in pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, and clinical testing. Readers will gain new and valuable insights that enable them to avoid common pitfalls in order to seamlessly conduct analytical method validation as well as instrument operation qualification and performance verification. Part 1, Method Validation, begins with an overview of the book's risk-based approach to phase appropriate validation and instrument qualification; it then focuses on the strategies and requirements for early phase drug development, including validation of specific techniques and functions such as process analytical technology, cleaning validation, and validation of laboratory information management systems Part 2, Instrument Performance Verification, explores the underlying principles and techniques for verifying instrument performance—coverage includes analytical instruments that are increasingly important to the pharmaceutical industry, such as NIR spectrometers and particle size analyzers—and offers readers a variety of alternative approaches for the successful verification of instrument performance based on the needs of their labs At the end of each chapter, the authors examine important practical problems and share their solutions. All the methods covered in this book follow Good Analytical Practices (GAP) to ensure that reliable data are generated in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Analysts, scientists, engineers, technologists, and technical managers should turn to this book to ensure that analytical methods and instruments are accurate and meet GMP standards and requirements.
Validation describes the procedures used to analyze pharmaceutical products so that the data generated will comply with the requirements of regulatory bodies of the US, Canada, Europe and Japan. Calibration of Instruments describes the process of fixing, checking or correcting the graduations of instruments so that they comply with those regulatory bodies. This book provides a thorough explanation of both the fundamental and practical aspects of biopharmaceutical and bioanalytical methods validation. It teaches the proper procedures for using the tools and analysis methods in a regulated lab setting. Readers will learn the appropriate procedures for calibration of laboratory instrumentation and validation of analytical methods of analysis. These procedures must be executed properly in all regulated laboratories, including pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical laboratories, clinical testing laboratories (hospitals, medical offices) and in food and cosmetic testing laboratories.
Computing systems are employed in the health care environment in efforts to increase reliability of care and reduce costs. Software verification and validation (V&V) is an aid in determining that the software requirements are implemented correctly and completely and are traceable to system requirements. It helps to ensure that those system functions controlled by software are secure, reliable, and maintainable. Software V&V is conducted throughout the planning, development and maintenance of software systems, including knowledge based systems, and may assist in assuring appropriate reuse of software.
In the current day and age, objective facts have less influence on opinions and decisions than personal emotions and beliefs. Many individuals rely on their social networks to gather information thanks to social media’s ability to share information rapidly and over a much greater geographic range. However, this creates an overall false balance as people tend to seek out information that is compatible with their existing views and values. They deliberately seek out “facts” and data that specifically support their conclusions and classify any information that contradicts their beliefs as “false news.” Navigating Fake News, Alternative Facts, and Misinformation in a Post-Truth World is a collection of innovative research on human and automated methods to deter the spread of misinformation online, such as legal or policy changes, information literacy workshops, and algorithms that can detect fake news dissemination patterns in social media. While highlighting topics including source credibility, share culture, and media literacy, this book is ideally designed for social media managers, technology and software developers, IT specialists, educators, columnists, writers, editors, journalists, broadcasters, newscasters, researchers, policymakers, and students.
“Evaluating Measurement Accuracy, 2nd Edition” is intended for those who are concerned with measurements in any field of science or technology. It reflects the latest developments in metrology and offers new results, but is designed to be accessible to readers at different levels: scientists who advance the field of metrology, engineers and experimental scientists who use measurements as tool in their professions, students and graduate students in natural sciences and engineering, and, in parts describing practical recommendations, technicians performing mass measurements in industry, quality control, and trade. This book presents material from the practical perspective and offers solutions and recommendations for problems that arise in conducting real-life measurements. This new edition adds a method for estimating accuracy of indirect measurements with independent arguments, whose development Dr. Rabinovich was able to complete very recently. This method, which is called the Method of Enumeration, produces estimates that are no longer approximate, similar to the way the method of reduction described in the first edition removed approximation in estimating uncertainty of indirect measurements with dependent arguments. The method of enumeration completes addressing the range of problems whose solutions signify the emergence of the new theory of accuracy of measurements. A new method is added for building a composition of histograms, and this method forms a theoretical basis for the method of enumeration.Additionally, as a companion to this book, a concise practical guide that assembles simple step-by-step procedures for typical tasks the practitioners are likely to encounter in measurement accuracy estimation is available at SpringerLink.
Winner of the National Press Club’s Arthur Rowse Award for Press Criticism! From Craig Silverman, proprietor of www.RegretTheError.com, comes a lively journey through the history of media mistakes via a chronicle of funny, shocking, and often disturbing journalistic slip-ups. The errors--running the gamut from hilarious to tragic--include "Fuzzy Numbers” (when numbers and math undermine reporting) "Obiticide” (printing the obituary of a living person), and "Unintended Consequences” (typos and misidentifications that create a new, incorrect reality). While some of the errors are laugh-out-loud funny, the book also offers a serious investigation of contemporary journalism’s lack of accountability to the public, and a rousing call to arms for all news organizations to mend their ways and reclaim the role of the press as honest voice of the people.
