Contains papers presented at a workshop in 1995 organised by SINTEF Corrosion and Surface Technology (Trondheim) in co-operation with the EFC Working Parties on Marine Corrosion and Microbial Corrosion. Particular attention was given to biofilms, their causes, effects and prevention, as well as to the behaviour in seawater of high alloyed austenitic stainless steels including 6Mo, and super duplex stainless steels.
This is Number 33 of the Marine Corrosion of Stainless Steels, a publication of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC). Part I of this volume on the "Marine Corrosion of Stainless Steels" consists of five chapters and is concerned with tests that were conducted in the 1990s on the corrosivity of European sea waters (Atlantic, Baltic, English Channel, Mediterranean, and North Sea) towards three types of stainless steels. Results from these two test programmes were presented at a European Workshop on Sea Water Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Trondheim in 1996 and at various corrosion conferences, mostly in Europe. The other four chapters in Part I describe experimental procedures, critical pitting temperature data, crevice corrosion results and results from the MAST biofilm studies. The remaining 23 chapters of the book are concerned with reviews and reports that develop the above topics.
This book addresses the selection and qualification of corrosion resistant alloys for use in oil and gas field production facilities that handle raw and partly processed reservoir fluids at, and below, reservoir temperatures.
First Published in 2017. Pipeline integrity is key to maintaining operational success, safety and security and minimising harm to the environment. Corrosion is a dominant contributory factor to failures, leaks and integrity threats in pipelines. Therefore, its optimum control within an integrity management framework is paramount for the cost-effective design of facilities and ensuring continued, uninterrupted and safe operations within the expected design life. This recommended practice (RP) is a compendium of current best practices and state-of-the-art knowledge by major operators, engineering contractors and service companies involved in hydrocarbon pro-duction and transportation. The RP incorporates some minimum operational requirements and practices to ensure that when man-aging corrosion in pipelines, fundamental principles are followed. It covers management of corrosion for pipelines carrying hydrocarbons, injection water and/or produced water from design to decommissioning. It is structured to follow the logical steps of a basic corrosion management process and makes references to relevant and available international standards and/or recommended practices. It is intended for use by personnel from the petroleum industry having knowledge of corrosion and materials. It is hoped that this RP will prove to be a key reference document for engineers, suppliers and con-tractors working in the oil and gas industry, paving the way for corrosion-free operation of pipelines with the ultimate goal of improving safety, security and minimising the impact on the environment
Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) Guidelines: Technical Guide for Managing CUI, Third Edition, Volume 55 builds upon the success of the first two editions to provide a fully up-to-date, practical source of information on how to monitor and manage insulated systems. In the first edition of this book published in 2008, the EFC Working Parties WP13 and WP15 engaged together to provide guidelines on managing CUI with contributions from a number of European refining, petrochemical, and offshore companies. The guidelines were intended for use on all plants and installations that contain insulated vessels, piping, and equipment, and cover a risk-based inspection methodology for CUI, inspection techniques, and recommended best practices for mitigating CUI. The guidelines include design of plant and equipment, coatings and the use of thermal spray techniques, types of insulation, cladding/jacketing materials, and protection guards. Corrosion-under-insulation (CUI) refers to the external corrosion of piping and vessels that occurs underneath externally clad/jacketed insulation as a result of the penetration of water. By its very nature CUI tends to remain undetected until the insulation and cladding/jacketing is removed to allow inspection, or when leaks occur. CUI is a common problem shared by the refining, petrochemical, power, industrial, onshore and offshore industries. - Provides revised and updated technical guidance on managing CUI provided by EFC Working Parties 13 and 15 - Discusses the standard approach to risk based inspection methodology - Presents the argument that CUI is everywhere, and looks at mitigating actions that can be started from the onset - Includes a wide array of concepts of corrosion mitigation
Copper and aluminium alloys are widely used in marine engineering in areas such as pipelines, storage tanks, ships' hulls and cladding for offshore structures. This important book reviews key factors affecting the corrosion and service life of these materials in the marine environment. The book is divided into five parts, with part one reviewing key aspects of the corrosion behaviour of both these alloys. Part two discusses the use of copper and copper-nickel alloys in seawater, whilst Parts 3 and 4 cover aluminium bronzes and alloys. The final section of the book covers the use of aluminium-based materials as anodes for the cathodic protection of marine structures.Corrosion behaviour and protection of copper and aluminium alloys in seawater is an important reference for marine engineers concerned with the corrosion and service life of these materials. - Reviews key factors affecting the corrosion and service life of copper and aluminium alloys - Discusses the use of the alloys in seawater
Corrosion Management of Seawater Cooling Systems, Volume 71 provides an overview on main seawater heat exchanger systems, different forms of corrosion, biocide treatments, corrosion, scale inhibitors, materials used, coatings and cathodic protection, maintenance, and monitoring and control. The book will be a valuable reference resource for academics, technicians and engineers who are interested in the corrosion management of seawater cooling systems. The evolution of practices in terms of sustainability, materials choice, treatment selection and changes to regulations have demonstrated the need to establish this new guide on recommended best practices that support corrosion management and the development of seawater heat exchangers. Seawater is considered an attractive resource for utilities in many industries such as power plants, refineries and chemical plants. Seawater cooling systems are used in heat exchangers, in once-through cooling water systems, and for recirculating cooling water systems. The metallurgy and materials used in these facilities need to be compatible with seawater and allow good corrosion control. As seawater composition and suspended solids can cause corrosion, scaling, fouling, microbiological growth and macrofouling problems, this book is a necessary addition to the conversation. - Covers key technological developments in corrosion management of seawater cooling systems - Includes coverage of seawater heat exchangers - Provides information on many different forms of corrosion - Presents tactics for the selection of materials, corrosion protections (inhibitors, coatings, cathodic protection) - Discusses maintenance, control, monitoring and inspection
This book describes the work performed to develop a new test methodology to characterise the susceptibility of stainless steels to crevice corrosion in natural and treated seawaters. It also describes the experimental procedures to perform crevice corrosion testing.
Biocorrosion refers to corrosion influenced by bacteria adhering to surfaces in biofilms. Biocorrosion is a major problem in areas such as cooling systems and marine structures where biofilms can develop. This book summarises key recent research in this subject. Part one looks at theories of biocorrosion and measurement techniques. Part two discusses how bacteria and biofilms result in biocorrosion. The final part of the book includes case studies of biocorrosion in areas as diverse as buildings, fuels, marine environments and cooling systems. - Provides a detailed overview of biocorrosion and the different scientific and/or industrial problems related to microbially induced corrosion - Introduces a variety of investigative techniques and methodologies that are employed in diagnosing and evaluating microbially induced corrosion - Includes case studies on: biodeterioration of building materials; biocorrosion issues associated with diesel and biofuels; marine biocorrosion; corrosion of open recirculating cooling water systems and cooling system components; the effect of H2S on steel corrosion
Engineers with an interest in the marine environment can take advantage of many years of accumulated corrosion experience in a quick and concise manner with this publication. It covers the corrosion behavior in sea water of steel, stainless steel and cast iron as well as alloys of copper, aluminum, nickel and titanium. Applications, commonly-used alloy compositions and mechanical properties are also covered for each alloy system, plus a special section is devoted to galvanic corrosion and its avoidance.
