A Survey of the Potential Effects of Increasing UV-B Radiation on the Biosphere. Revision
A Survey of the Potential Effects of Increasing UV-B Radiation on the Biosphere. Revision

Author: L. Martin

Publisher:

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13:

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There are by now well-established connections between the introduction of chlorine-containing molecules into the stratosphere, a consequent decrease in the concentration of stratospheric ozone, and an increase in UV-B radiation at the surface of the Earth. An increase in UV-B on average would increase the incidence rate of non-melanoma skin cancer worldwide, with an unproved but likely increase in melanoma skin cancer. Other effects on humans could include cataracts and immune system inhibition, but these are less well established. The response of domestic and wild animal populations to UV-B is not thought to be a serious problem at this time, in part because they are protected by fur. The response of plants is complex because plants exist in a highly competitive situation with other plants for water and light, and must survive in an environment of pests and diseases, which may also be affected by UV-B. The oceanic phytoplankton are the basis of the ocean food chain and are responsible for half of the natural carbon dioxide fixation. Studies have indicated that the phytoplankton are adversely affected by UV-B, and thus there is a potential for excess UV-B to affect fishing yields and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

A Survey of the Potential Effects of Increasing UV-B Radiation on the Biosphere
A Survey of the Potential Effects of Increasing UV-B Radiation on the Biosphere

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13:

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A review of the literature an the potential effects of an increase in UV-B reaching the Earth's surface shows that there might have been very serious consequences if we had not restricted the production and use of chlorfluorocarbons. Even a modest increase of UV-B, on average, would in all likelihood have increased the amount of skin cancer worldwide, leading to an estimated 2,000 additional deaths per year per percentage point decrease in ozone. Small changes in agriculture and in the forests could cost a great deal of money, although these costs would likely be hidden by weather fluctuations. Small changes in the productivity of ocean phytoplankton could accelerate the greenhouse effect. The effect of space launch operations is a small perturbation on all this, with an average effect on the ozone of perhaps 0.02%, or about 40 additional skin cancer deaths out of 50,000 per year, at steady state. This estimate is based on a launch rate equivalent to about 600 tons of chlorine per year delivered to the stratosphere (7 shuttle or 12 Titan launches per year), and assumes that the solid rocket boosters would continue to be based on chlorine containing oxidizers. Without chlorine, there would be a negligible effect.

UV-B Radiation
UV-B Radiation

Author: Vijay Pratap Singh

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-05-01

Total Pages: 183

ISBN-13: 1119143608

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Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) is electromagnetic radiation coming from the sun, with a medium wavelength which is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer. The biological effects of UV-B are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV-B radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules. It is considered particularly harmful to the environment and living things, but what have scientific studies actually shown? UV-B Radiation: From Environmental Stressor to Regulator of Plant Growth presents a comprehensive overview of the origins, current state, and future horizons of scientific research on ultraviolet-B radiation and its perception in plants. Chapters explore all facets of UV-B research, including the basics of how UV-B's shorter wavelength radiation from the sun reaches the Earth's surface, along with its impact on the environment's biotic components and on human biological systems. Chapters also address the dramatic shift in UV-B research in recent years, reflecting emerging technologies, showing how historic research which focused exclusively on the harmful environmental effects of UV-B radiation has now given way to studies on potential benefits to humans. Topics include: UV-B and its climatology UV-B and terrestrial ecosystems Plant responses to UV-B stress UB- B avoidance mechanisms UV-B and production of secondary metabolites Discovery of UVR8 Timely and important, UV-B Radiation: From Environmental Stressor to Regulator of Plant Growth is an invaluable resource for environmentalists, researchers and students who are into the state-of-the-art research being done on exposure to UV-B radiation.

Causes and Environmental Implications of Increased UV-B Radiation
Causes and Environmental Implications of Increased UV-B Radiation

Author: Roy M. Harrison

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 9780854042654

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Annotation While the enlarging hole in the Antarctic ozone layer is inherently a fascinating phenomena, we also need to understand the environmental hazard against which we are counting on stratospheric ozone to protect us: ultraviolet radiation. In six papers, contributors summarize what is known about the effects of the UV-B portion of the spectrum (e.g. on skin cancer), and assess future trends. Hester is a chemistry professor with the U. of York. Harrison is professor of environmental health at the U. of Birmingham. Distributed in the US by Springer-Verlag. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

UV Radiation in Global Climate Change
UV Radiation in Global Climate Change

Author: Wei Gao

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-09-08

Total Pages: 565

ISBN-13: 364203313X

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Numerous studies report that ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to living organisms and detrimental to human health. Growing concerns regarding the increased levels of UV-B radiation that reach the earth's surface have led to the development of ground- and space-based measurement programs. Further study is needed on the measurement, modeling, and effects of UV radiation. The chapters of this book describe the research conducted across the globe over the past three decades in the areas of: (1) current and predicted levels of UV radiation and its associated impact on ecosystems and human health, as well as economic and social implications; (2) new developments in UV instrumentation, advances in calibration (ground- and satellite-based), measurement methods, modeling efforts, and their applications; and (3) the effects of global climate change on UV radiation. Dr. Wei Gao is a Senior Research Scientist and the Director of the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. Dr. Gao is a SPIE fellow and serves as the Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. Dr. Daniel L. Schmoldt is the National Program Leader for instrumentation and sensors at the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dr. Schmoldt served as joint Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Computers & Electronics in Agriculture, from 1997 to 2004. Dr. James R. Slusser retired in 2007 from the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program at Colorado State University. He was active in the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Meteorological Society. Dr. Slusser is currently pursuing his interests in solar energy and atmospheric transmission.

Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models
Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models

Author: Francesco Ghetti

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-07-08

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 1402036973

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This volume originates from the NATO Advanced Study Institute Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models, held in Pisa, Italy in June 2001. The Institute was sponsored and mainly funded by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, whose constant contribution in favour of the cooperation among scientists from different countries must be acknowledged. Other Institutions substantially contributed to the success of the ASI and our thanks and appreciation go to the Italian National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), the European Society for Photobiology and the bank Banca Toscana. In the last two decades of the past century, concern has been growing for the possible effects on the biosphere of the stratospheric ozone depletion, due to anthropogenic emissions of ozone-destroying chemicals. The ozone loss causes an increase in the biologically important part of the solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) reaching the Earth’s surface, which constitutes a threat to the biosphere, because of UV damaging effects on humans, animals and plants. The international agreements have reduced the production of ozo- destroying compounds, which, however, are still present in high concentrations in the stratosphere, mainly because of their longevity, and thus ozone depletion will likely continue for several decades.

Workshop on the Effects of Increased UV-B Radiation
Workshop on the Effects of Increased UV-B Radiation

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 16

ISBN-13:

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The workshop was held to review the current Canadian research on the effects of increased UV-B radiation on various receptors; to determine the present status of effects research; to make projections regarding likely environmental effects; and to make recommendations on a short-term course of action. After the workshop, the authors were invited to provide a series of short statements under the general headings of what is known, what might happen, and what further information is needed. The report is a compilation of the authors' responses with an executive summary, covering stratospheric ozone depletion; effects of UV-B on vegetation, aquatic systems, and animals; and future actions for plants and agricultural crops, aquatic systems, animals, and awareness.

Exposure to Artificial UV Radiation and Skin Cancer
Exposure to Artificial UV Radiation and Skin Cancer

Author: IARC Working Group on Risk of Skin Cancer and Exposure to Artificial Ultraviolet Light

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 84

ISBN-13:

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This report represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group that met in Lyon, France, 27-29 June 2005

UV-B Radiation and Plant Life
UV-B Radiation and Plant Life

Author: Brian R Jordan

Publisher: CABI

Published: 2017-10-11

Total Pages: 194

ISBN-13: 1780648596

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Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) has profound effects on plant growth and development, and exposure varies with ozone depletion and across geographic regions, with ecosystem and agricultural consequences. This book deals with large-scale impacts but also how UV-B affects plants at the molecular level is also fascinating, and the UV-B photoreceptor has only recently been characterised. While UV-B radiation can be damaging, it also has a more positive role in plant photomorphogenesis. Consequently UV-B treatments are being developed as innovative approaches to improve horticulture. This book is a timely synthesis of what we know and need to know about UV-B radiation and plants.

UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems
UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems

Author: E Walter Helbling

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2007-10-31

Total Pages: 600

ISBN-13: 1847552269

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This book offers extensive coverage of the most important aspects of UVR effects on all aquatic (not just freshwater and marine) ecosystems, encompassing UV physics, chemistry, biology and ecology. Comprehensive and up-to-date, UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems aims to bridge the gap between environmental studies of UVR effects and the broader, traditional fields of ecology, oceanography and limnology. Adopting a synthetic approach, the different sections cover: the physical factors controlling UVR intensity in the atmosphere; the penetration and distribution of solar radiation in natural waters; the main photochemical process affecting natural and anthropogenic substances; and direct and indirect effects on organisms (from viruses, bacteria and algae to invertebrate and vertebrate consumers). Researchers and professionals in environmental chemistry, photochemistry, photobiology and cell and molecular biology will value this book, as will those looking at ozone depletion and global change.