Why did the Reformation take root in some places and not others? Although many factors were involved, the varying character of penitential preaching across Europe in the decades prior to the Reformation was an especially important contributor to the subsequent receptivity of evangelical ideas. In this book, several collections of model sermons are studied to provide an overview of late medieval teaching on penitence. What emerges is a pattern of differing emphases in different geographical locations, with the characteristic emphases of the penitential message in each region suggesting how such teaching prepared the ground for both the appeal and the reputation of Luther's message. People heard and interpreted the new theology using the late medieval penitential understandings and expectations they had been taught. The variety of teaching found in the Church left different regions vulnerable or resistant to evangelical critiques and alternatives. Despite current academic claims that the establishment of the Reformation cannot have resulted from lay religious understanding, this study offers evidence that theological ideas did reach beyond religious elites to promote a degree of popular support for the Reformation.
Born out of a love of language, text, classical learning, art, philosophy and philology, the Christian Humanist project lasted beyond the turmoil of sixteenth-century Europe to survive in a new form in post-Reformation thought. Jonathan Arnold here explores the finest intellects of late-Renaissance Europe, providing an essential guide to the most important scholars, priests, theologians and philosophers of the period, now collectively known as the Christian Humanists. "The Great Humanists" provides an invaluable context to the philosophical, political and spiritual state of Europe on the eve of the Reformation through inter-related biographical sketches of Erasmus, Thomas More, Marsilio Ficino, Petrarch, Johann Reuchlin, Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples and many others. The legacy of these thinkers is still relevant and widely-studied today, and this book will make invaluable reading for scholars and students of philosophy and early-modern European history.
Apart from his importance for 17th century Russian literature, Simeon Polockij was a learned man who assembled the largest private library in Moscow. His 600 books by mostly Catholic authors writing in Latin and Polish confirm the view that Simeon was a Trojan horse of Western learning in the largely conservative Orthodox milieu of Moscow. His collection is today preserved as part of the Synodal Press Library in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents. This book for the first time separates out Simeon's collection from the larger library and describes it. The alphabetical catalogue records publication details, collations, owner's inscriptions and editorial information.
In 1926 the Bibliographical Society published the first edition of A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland and Ireland and of English Books Printed Abroad 1475-1640. Now universally known as 'STC', it has become indispensable to historians, literary scholars, and bibligraphers, whose work involves printed sources before the Civil War. The second part of this edition was the first to be published in 1976: volume I covering A-H now completes the main text; it will be followed by a third volume, containing the addenda that ten years of use have already produced, detailed indexes of printing and booksellers, with dates and places of business, concordance with other lists and catalogues, and other supplementary material.