A Numerical Investigation of Meso-scale Flow and Air Pollutant Transport Patterns Over the Region of Istanbul
A Numerical Investigation of Meso-scale Flow and Air Pollutant Transport Patterns Over the Region of Istanbul

Author: Yasemin Ezber

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13:

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Dİmensİonal numerİcal model (OMEGA) wİth unstructured grİd and unİform İnİtİal flow at horizontal and vertİcal dİrectİons İs performed for the sİmulatİons sİnce İts grİd technİque better captures the land-water boundaries. Relatİve effects of geographİc features on the local cİrculatİon are exemplİfied by means of the İdealİzed sİmulatİons. Furthermore, effect of the presence of a straİt and urbanized area on the local cİrculatİon İs analyzed. Topography-İnduced effect İs observed over the hİlly topography of Istanbul. Moreover, dİfferent background flow condİtİons are also examİned for Istanbul. Unİform geostrophİc wind wİth dİfferent wİnd dİrectİon also shows changes on the cİrculatİon characterİstİcs. Results show that the channelİng İs occurred because of the Bosphorus and enhanced by the topography . Sİgnİficant contrİbutİon to the local flow comes from urbanİzatİon by arrangİng the sea-land breeze exİstence or penetratİon over the domaİn. Real case sİmulatİons are also performed usİng OMEGA based on atmospherİc condİtİons whİch are requİred for exİstence of a sea breeze and urban heat İsland over the Bosphorus. Furthermore, the analyses are conducted for two dİfferent dates. One of these dates İs specİfied İn summer and the other one İs İn wİnter .The flow condİtİons on these dates are compared and evaluated İn the lİght of hypothetİc sİmulatİons. The results show that OMEGA performs reasonably well. The fully developed sea breeze exİts at 1 000 UTC (1200 LST) İn wİnter case while İt İs observed at 0700 UTC (1000 LST) İn summer case. Re-current cİrculatİons are also observed on both sİmulatİons. However, İt occurs hİgher İn the atrnosphere İn summer case than the wİnter case. The convergence occurs at 1300 UTC (1500 LST) İn wİnter case and 1000 UTC (1300 LST) İn summer case. The land breeze occurs at 1700 UTC (1900 UTC) İn wİnter whereas İt İs at 1900 UTC (2200 LST) for summer sİmulatİon. Another concem on thİs study İs to İnvestİgate the behavİour of transport and dispersİon of pollutants over the Marmara Regİon usİng numerİcal model (OMEGA) with İts embedded Atmospheric Dİspersİon Model (ADM). The Marmara Regİon İs located at strategİcally İmportant waterway wİth İts two narrow straİts, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles. The partİcular attentİon İs focused on mappİng risky area for the Straİts, resultİng from release of pollutants after a tanker accİdent. Lagrangİan dİspersİon model İs used to dİsperse materials from the specİfied release poİnts. ProbabİIİty of exceedance of dosages İs calculated at the surface for these release poİnts. Results depİct the most common dİrectİon of the partİcle dİspersİon İs south- southwesterly , and the most rİsky areas are located close to the release poİnts. Also, the sensİtİvİty sİmulatİons depİct that the probabİIİty of exceedance values are sensİtİve to the source strength and threshold values of dosage and concentratİon.

Diffusion and Transport of Pollutants in Atmospheric Mesoscale Flow Fields
Diffusion and Transport of Pollutants in Atmospheric Mesoscale Flow Fields

Author: A. Gyr

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 9401585474

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In regions as densely populated as Western Europe, prediction of the ecological implications of pollutant transport are important in order to minimise damage in the case of accidents, and to evaluate the possible influence of existing or planned sources. In most cases, such predictions depend on high-speed computation. The present textbook presents a mathematically explicit introduction in eight chapters: 1: An introduction to the basics of fluid dynamics of the atmosphere and the local events and mesoscale processes. 2: The types of PDEs describing atmospheric flows for limited area models, the problem of appropriate boundary conditions describing the topographical constraints, and well-posedness. 3: Thermodynamics of the atmosphere, dry and wet, its stability, and radiation processes, budgets and the influence of their sum. 4: Scaling and similarity laws for stable and convective turbulent atmospheric boundary layers and the influence of inhomogeneous terrain on the advection and the vertical dispersion, and the method of large eddy simulation. 5: Statistical processes in turbulent dispersion, turbulent diffusion and chemical reactions in fluxes. 6: Theoretical modelling of diffusion and dispersion of pollutant gases. 7: The influence of urban heat production on local climate. 8: Atmospheric inversion layers and lapping inversion, the stable boundary layer and nocturnal inversion.

Exchange and Transport of Air Pollutants over Complex Terrain and the Sea
Exchange and Transport of Air Pollutants over Complex Terrain and the Sea

Author: Soren E. Larsen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 3642572529

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As the regional models required to understand and control the generation, distribution and deposition of air pollutants become more precise, the need to understand the detailed effects of hilly and mountainous terrain becomes more acute. The Alpine regions and the mountainous Mediterranean coasts have large effets on the way the pollutant burden is spread in their areas. Similarly an understanding of the effects of chemical and physical processes controlling pollutant deposition and the emission of biogenic compounds is essential to the correct modelling of the coastal regions which surround so much of Europe. The results from two projects on these problems are presented in this volume: one involved a series of field campaigns in the Alps and in the Rhine valley, the other involves ships and platforms in the North Sea and also in the Mediterranean.

Large Scale Computations in Air Pollution Modelling
Large Scale Computations in Air Pollution Modelling

Author: Zahari Zlatev

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13:

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The 34 papers, including a conclusion, represent most of contributions to the workshop, which drew scientists from 23 countries in Europe, North America, and Asia to discuss the role of large mathematical models in resolving difficult problems connected with protecting the environment, in particular air pollution. Among their topics are parallel algorithms for some optimization problems, long-term calculations with large models, experimental results and the modelling of mixing height in coastal areas, aerosol modelling within the EURAD model system, atmospheric mechanisms of admixtures transfer, pollution transmission in the air, nonlinear assignment problems, preliminary results of the neural network analysis of sulfur dioxide distribution over Istanbul, and a collaborative framework for simulations. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Advances in Air Pollution Modeling for Environmental Security
Advances in Air Pollution Modeling for Environmental Security

Author: István Faragó

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-07-14

Total Pages: 428

ISBN-13: 9781402033490

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The protection of our environment is one of the major problems in the society. More and more important physical and chemical mechanisms are to be added to the air pollution models. Moreover, new reliable and robust control strategies for keeping the pollution caused by harmful compounds under certain safe levels have to be developed and used in a routine way. Well based and correctly analyzed large mathematical models can successfully be used to solve this task. The use of such models leads to the treatment of huge computational tasks. The efficient solution of such problems requires combined research from specialists working in different fields. The aim of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (NATO ARW) entitled “Advances in Air Pollution Modeling for Environmental Security” was to invite specialists from all areas related to large-scale air pollution modeling and to exchange information and plans for future actions towards improving the reliability and the scope of application of the existing air pollution models and tools. This ARW was planned to be an interdisciplinary event, which provided a forum for discussions between physicists, meteorologists, chemists, computer scientists and specialists in numerical analysis about different ways for improving the performance and the quality of the results of different air pollution models.