Beyond the Symbol Model
Author: John Robert Stewart
Publisher: SUNY Press
Published: 1996-10-17
Total Pages: 354
ISBN-13: 9780791430842
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis interdisciplinary conversation discusses the nature of language.
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A model of sonority based on pitch intelligibility
Author: Aviad Albert
Publisher: Language Science Press
Published: 2023-06-10
Total Pages: 236
ISBN-13: 3961104107
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSonority is a central notion in phonetics and phonology and it is essential for generalizations related to syllabic organization. However, to date there is no clear consensus on the phonetic basis of sonority, neither in perception nor in production. The widely used Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) represents the speech signal as a sequence of discrete units, where phonological processes are modeled as symbol manipulating rules that lack a temporal dimension and are devoid of inherent links to perceptual, motoric or cognitive processes. The current work aims to change this by outlining a novel approach for the extraction of continuous entities from acoustic space in order to model dynamic aspects of phonological perception. It is used here to advance a functional understanding of sonority as a universal aspect of prosody that requires pitch-bearing syllables as the building blocks of speech.This book argues that sonority is best understood as a measurement of pitch intelligibility in perception, which is closely linked to periodic energy in acoustics. It presents a novel principle for sonority-based determinations of well-formedness – the Nucleus Attraction Principle (NAP). Two complementary NAP models independently account for symbolic and continuous representations and they mostly outperform SSP-based models, demonstrated here with experimental perception studies and with a corpus study of Modern Hebrew nouns. This work also includes a description of ProPer (Prosodic Analysis with Periodic Energy). The ProPer toolbox further exploits the proposal that periodic energy reflects sonority in order to cover major topics in prosodic research, such as prominence, intonation and speech rate. The book is finally concluded with brief discussions on selected topics: (i) the phonotactic division of labor with respect to /s/-stop clusters; (ii) the debate about the universality of sonority; and (iii) the fate of the classic phonetics–phonology dichotomy as it relates to continuity and dynamics in phonology.
Symbol and Physical Knowledge
Author: M. Ferrari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-04-17
Total Pages: 239
ISBN-13: 3662048558
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIntroduces the problem of the symbolic structure of physics, surveys the modern history of symbols, proceeds to an epistemological discussion of the role of symbols in our knowledge of nature, and addresses key issues related to the methodology of physics and the character of its symbolic structures.
Assessing Model-Based Reasoning using Evidence- Centered Design
Author: Robert J Mislevy
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2017-07-25
Total Pages: 137
ISBN-13: 3319522469
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis Springer Brief provides theory, practical guidance, and support tools to help designers create complex, valid assessment tasks for hard-to-measure, yet crucial, science education standards. Understanding, exploring, and interacting with the world through models characterizes science in all its branches and at all levels of education. Model-based reasoning is central to science education and thus science assessment. Current interest in developing and using models has increased with the release of the Next Generation Science Standards, which identified this as one of the eight practices of science and engineering. However, the interactive, complex, and often technology-based tasks that are needed to assess model-based reasoning in its fullest forms are difficult to develop. Building on research in assessment, science education, and learning science, this Brief describes a suite of design patterns that can help assessment designers, researchers, and teachers create tasks for assessing aspects of model-based reasoning: Model Formation, Model Use, Model Elaboration, Model Articulation, Model Evaluation, Model Revision, and Model-Based Inquiry. Each design pattern lays out considerations concerning targeted knowledge and ways of capturing and evaluating students’ work. These design patterns are available at http://design-drk.padi.sri.com/padi/do/NodeAction?state=listNodes&NODE_TYPE=PARADIGM_TYPE. The ideas are illustrated with examples from existing assessments and the research literature.
Symbolic Logic
Author: Odysseus Makridis
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2022-02-21
Total Pages: 493
ISBN-13: 3030673960
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to the essential elements of standard (classical) symbolic logic. Key topics covered include: · The characteristic nature and scope of logic as a discipline · The construction of a series of distinctly named formal languages suitable for formal translation · Semantic models · The construction of decision procedures · The execution of proof-theoretic arrangements like natural deduction and proof-sequent systems The book covers both the semantics and proof theory of the standard sentential (propositional) logic and predicate (first-order) logic. Other topics covered include: parsing trees, extraction of alternative notations (for instance, Polish notation), Fitch-style proof-theory, sequent and ‘tree’ proof systems, comparisons and contrasts with intuitionistic logic, and presentations of predicate logic models. An ancillary chapter on elements of set theory is conveniently placed at the end and includes insights into the Zermelo-Fraenkel systematization of set theory. The philosophy of logic is also explored. Exercises in the text provide instruction on mathematical induction for the construction of formula, tests for the well-formedness of Polish notation, and functional completeness. Symbolic Logic is essential reading for all philosophy students taking intermediate level formal logic courses and will also appeal to diligent first year students of logic. The text is replete with exercises on both the formal machinery and the philosophical aspects of logic.
Model Theory
Author: Wilfrid Hodges
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 1993-03-11
Total Pages: 810
ISBN-13: 9780521304429
DOWNLOAD EBOOKModel theory is concerned with the notions of definition, interpretation and structure in a very general setting, and is applied to a wide range of other areas such as set theory, geometry, algebra and computer science. This book provides an integrated introduction to model theory for graduate students.
Mathematical Logic
Author: Laszlo Csirmaz
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2022-03-14
Total Pages: 322
ISBN-13: 303079010X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book gathers together a colorful set of problems on classical Mathematical Logic, selected from over 30 years of teaching. The initial chapters start with problems from supporting fields, like set theory (ultrafilter constructions), full-information game theory (strategies), automata, and recursion theory (decidability, Kleene’s theorems). The work then advances toward propositional logic (compactness and completeness, resolution method), followed by first-order logic, including quantifier elimination and the Ehrenfeucht– Fraïssé game; ultraproducts; and examples for axiomatizability and non-axiomatizability. The Arithmetic part covers Robinson’s theory, Peano’s axiom system, and Gödel’s incompleteness theorems. Finally, the book touches universal graphs, tournaments, and the zero-one law in Mathematical Logic. Instructors teaching Mathematical Logic, as well as students who want to understand its concepts and methods, can greatly benefit from this work. The style and topics have been specially chosen so that readers interested in the mathematical content and methodology could follow the problems and prove the main theorems themselves, including Gödel’s famous completeness and incompleteness theorems. Examples of applications on axiomatizability and decidability of numerous mathematical theories enrich this volume.
The Practice of Enterprise Modeling
Author: Ulrich Frank
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2014-11-07
Total Pages: 292
ISBN-13: 3662455013
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume constitutes the proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 8.1 Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling held in November 2014 in Manchester, UK. The focus of the PoEM conference series is on advances in the practice of enterprise modeling through a forum for sharing knowledge and experiences between the academic community and practitioners from industry and the public sector. The 16 full and four short papers accepted were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. They reflect different topics of enterprise modeling including business process modeling, enterprise architecture, investigation of enterprise modeling methods, requirements engineering, and specific aspects of enterprise modeling.
Mechanisms, Symbols, and Models Underlying Cognition
Author: José Mira
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2005-06-09
Total Pages: 555
ISBN-13: 3540316728
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe two-volume set LNCS 3561 and LNCS 3562 constitute the refereed proceedings of the First International Work-Conference on the Interplay between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2005, held in Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain in June 2005. The 118 revised papers presented are thematically divided into two volumes; the first includes all the contributions mainly related with the methodological, conceptual, formal, and experimental developments in the fields of Neurophysiology and cognitive science. The second volume collects the papers related with bioinspired programming strategies and all the contributions related with the computational solutions to engineering problems in different application domains.
Recent Advances in Geographic Information System for Earth Sciences
Author: Yosoon Choi
Publisher: MDPI
Published: 2020-06-23
Total Pages: 264
ISBN-13: 3039364898
DOWNLOAD EBOOKGeographic information systems (GISs) have played a vital role in Earth sciences by providing a powerful means of observing the world and various tools for solving complex problems. The scientific community has used GISs to reveal fascinating details about the Earth and other planets. This book on recent advances in GIS for Earth sciences includes 12 publications from esteemed research groups worldwide. The research and review papers in this book belong to the following broad categories: Earth science informatics (geoinformatics), mining, hydrology, natural hazards, and society.
