Author:

Publisher: Euromoney Publications

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 9781843742753

Introduction - Denton Wilde Sapte's Project Finance: The Guide to Financing Build Operate Transfer Projects is the successful practical guide to the financing of worldwide infrastructure projects using build-operate-transfer techniques is now in its second edition! Fully updated and with the new title of Public Private Partnerships: BOT Techniques and Project Finance, this essential text has been revised to include: Equity bridge financing and Islamic financing techniques; The current PFI situation; Additional terms and conditions in PFI transactions; The effect of changes in UK tax law and regulatory changes; and Project finance cover for export credit agencies. development of PPP; The different issues surrounding the concepts of economic viability and financial viability of BOT projects; The key to managing tenders both from the public sector side and for prospective tenderers; The different contractual structures available, identifying the appropriate allocation of benefits and risks associated with a new infrastructure project; The terms to include in the all-important concession agreement; The various sources of finance available; and, Finance documentation. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase worldwide in the involvement of the private sector in the development and funding of public facilities and services, and techniques are continuously being developed to draw the public and private sectors together with a view to sharing the risks and rewards associated with such activities. partnerships (PPPs) and range from the simple contracting out of services to the involvement of the private sector in the financing, design, construction, operation, maintenance and, in some cases, ownership of major infrastructure facilities. This book is concerned with the latter, commonly referred to as BOT projects. Although BOT is often used to describe the specific build-operate-transfer technique of infrastructure development (under which the private sector finances, constructs, operates and maintains the facilities for a given period, with the public sector acquiring operational control at the end of that period), the expression is given its wider meaning in this book and is used to refer to all types of infrastructure projects which involve private sector investment and funding. There are many factors contributing to the PPP trend. funds available for the development of large-scale and capital intensive infrastructure projects, while at the same time increasingly perceiving the need for infrastructure facilities to promote economic growth in the shortest possible timescale. BOT structures also allow the public sector to transfer onto the private sector many of the risks associated with the implementation of these projects. For private sector investors and financiers, BOT projects have opened up a whole new area of opportunities for new business and relatively high returns. The sharing of risks with other parties to the project and with the public sector entity concerned enhances the appeal of BOT. One aspect of many BOT projects which is attractive to investors and financiers is that they incorporate sovereign credit risk, and this renders them more suitable for financing in the bond markets. For a BOT project to succeed, it must be sufficiently attractive to both the public and private sectors. If the risks are felt to be too great, or to outweigh the potential benefits and returns, the project will not proceed. flexible in terms of the types of project in which they will participate and will now consider financing a project the revenue stream of which is market-based, rather than assured under a long-term contract with a creditworthy purchaser. Over recent years, much has been learned by both the public and the private sectors as to the types and extent of project risk which the other will bear and this knowledge is being used to accelerate the implementation of BOT projects in general. Additionally, repayment periods have lengthened considerably for BOT projects in developed markets, in turn making them more attractive for project developers. The development of secondary markets for debt and equity in these markets has increased liquidity and enabled lenders to recirculate their investments. The spread of guarantees of project bonds being given by monoline insurers with strong credit rating has attracted new sources of funding. Many countries with developed economies have made substantial use of BOT techniques. in 1992, BOT projects with a value of GBP 48.3 billion had been signed by March 2006, of which about one half represented transport projects. In the emerging markets, however, the implementation of BOT projects has progressed more slowly than expected. This has largely been as a result of the perceived political risks associated with such projects and the difficulties and delays which have been experienced in relation to many of them. As governments of emerging markets countries become more accustomed to the requirements of foreign investors and financiers recognise that the BOT approach is increasingly the way in which the international markets expect infrastructure to be developed and operated, the implementation of BOT projects will become easier and quicker, thereby encouraging further projects. This work covers the basis of BOT techniques and their potential advantages and disadvantages for the participants in these projects. projects of this type and also covers in some detail project viability and public/private sector risk allocation issues, procurement procedures, concession agreements and the sources of financing available for these projects. In a book of this type, it is possible only to give a general overview of BOT structures and the issues involved. It should be borne in mind that every project is unique and the statements contained in this publication will not be equally applicable to all BOT projects. There is no substitute for taking appropriate advice on each individual project.