Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2003.
(Cont.) ... The production of mixed fluid depends on the size of the mixing zone as well as on the balance between turbulence, rotation and stratification. As horizontal entrainment is shut down, longterm production of mixed fluid may be determined through much weaker vertical entrainment. Ultimately, the export of mixed fluid from the channel is restricted to the weak boundary current.
An experimental study was undertaken to investigate if a loosely-packed particle layer can induce mixing due to diffusion-driven Phillips-Wunsch boundary flows in a quiescent stratified fluid. Diffusion-driven flows can exist along a sloped boundary in a fluid with a density gradient that varies with height, so these flows will also exist along the curved surface of a spherical boundary. A particle layer was created using 6.35 mm diameter Polystyrene spheres in a salt-stratified fluid. A linear density stratification was pumped into an acrylic tank from below using a double-bucket system. A calibrated salinity probe, mounted on a computer-controlled traverse, was used to measure the evolution of the density profile in the tank over time. The results of the density profiles showed a measurable change in the density profile in the tank over several weeks. The density profile in the area vertically adjacent to the particle layer was nonlinear due to mixing induced by the Phillips-Wunsch boundary flows created by the spherical particles.
This book presents an extensive analysis of the dynamics of discrete and distributed baroclinic vortices in a multi-layer fluid that characterizes the main features of the large and mesoscales dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. It widely covers the case of hetonic situations as well as the case of intrathermocline vortices that are familiar in oceanographic and of recognized importance for heat and mass transfers. Extensive typology of such baroclinic eddies is made and analysed with the help of theoretical development and numerical computations. As a whole it gives an overview and synthesis of all the many situations that can be encountered based on the long history of the theory of vortex motion and on many new situations. It gives a renewed insight on the extraordinary richness of vortex dynamics and open the way for new theoretical, observational and experimental advances. This volume is of interest to experts in physical oceanography, meteorology, hydrodynamics, dynamic systems, involved in theoretical, experimental and applied research and lecturers, post-graduate students, and students in these fields.