A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention
A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention

Author: John K. Tsotsos

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2021-06-22

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 026254380X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The derivation, exposition, and justification of the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention. Although William James declared in 1890, "Everyone knows what attention is," today there are many different and sometimes opposing views on the subject. This fragmented theoretical landscape may be because most of the theories and models of attention offer explanations in natural language or in a pictorial manner rather than providing a quantitative and unambiguous statement of the theory. They focus on the manifestations of attention instead of its rationale. In this book, John Tsotsos develops a formal model of visual attention with the goal of providing a theoretical explanation for why humans (and animals) must have the capacity to attend. He takes a unique approach to the theory, using the full breadth of the language of computation—rather than simply the language of mathematics—as the formal means of description. The result, the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention, explains attentive behavior in humans and provides a foundation for building computer systems that see with human-like characteristics. The overarching conclusion is that human vision is based on a general purpose processor that can be dynamically tuned to the task and the scene viewed on a moment-by-moment basis. Tsotsos offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of attention theories and models and a full description of the Selective Tuning model, confining the formal elements to two chapters and two appendixes. The text is accompanied by more than 100 illustrations in black and white and color; additional color illustrations and movies are available on the book's Web site.

Selective Visual Attention
Selective Visual Attention

Author: Liming Zhang

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-03-15

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13: 1118060059

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Visual attention is a relatively new area of study combining a number of disciplines: artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, vision science and psychology. The aim is to build computational models similar to human vision in order to solve tough problems for many potential applications including object recognition, unmanned vehicle navigation, and image and video coding and processing. In this book, the authors provide an up to date and highly applied introduction to the topic of visual attention, aiding researchers in creating powerful computer vision systems. Areas covered include the significance of vision research, psychology and computer vision, existing computational visual attention models, and the authors' contributions on visual attention models, and applications in various image and video processing tasks. This book is geared for graduates students and researchers in neural networks, image processing, machine learning, computer vision, and other areas of biologically inspired model building and applications. The book can also be used by practicing engineers looking for techniques involving the application of image coding, video processing, machine vision and brain-like robots to real-world systems. Other students and researchers with interdisciplinary interests will also find this book appealing. Provides a key knowledge boost to developers of image processing applications Is unique in emphasizing the practical utility of attention mechanisms Includes a number of real-world examples that readers can implement in their own work: robot navigation and object selection image and video quality assessment image and video coding Provides codes for users to apply in practical attentional models and mechanisms

Computational Visual Attention Models
Computational Visual Attention Models

Author: Milind S. Gide

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13: 9781680832815

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The human visual system (HVS) has evolved to have the ability to selectively focus on the most relevant parts of a visual scene. This mechanism, referred to as visual attention (VA), has been the focus of several neurological and psychological studies in the past few decades. These studies have inspired several computational VA models which have been successfully applied to problems in computer vision and robotics. In this paper we provide a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in computational VA modeling with a special focus on the latest trends. We review several models published since 2012. We also discuss theoretical advantages and disadvantages of each approach. In addition, we describe existing methodologies to evaluate computational models through the use of eye-tracking data along with the VA performance metrics used. We also discuss shortcomings in existing approaches and describe approaches to overcome these shortcomings. A recent subjective evaluation for benchmarking existing VA metrics is also presented and open problems in VA are discussed.

Attention and Performance in Computational Vision
Attention and Performance in Computational Vision

Author: Lucas Paletta

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-01-21

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 3540244212

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Attention and Performance in Computational Vision, WAPCV 2004, held in Prague, Czech Republic in May 2004. The 16 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on attention in object and scene recognition, architectures for sequential attention, biologically plausible models for attention, and applications of attentive vision.

Vision
Vision

Author: David Marr

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2010-07-09

Total Pages: 429

ISBN-13: 0262514621

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Available again, an influential book that offers a framework for understanding visual perception and considers fundamental questions about the brain and its functions. David Marr's posthumously published Vision (1982) influenced a generation of brain and cognitive scientists, inspiring many to enter the field. In Vision, Marr describes a general framework for understanding visual perception and touches on broader questions about how the brain and its functions can be studied and understood. Researchers from a range of brain and cognitive sciences have long valued Marr's creativity, intellectual power, and ability to integrate insights and data from neuroscience, psychology, and computation. This MIT Press edition makes Marr's influential work available to a new generation of students and scientists. In Marr's framework, the process of vision constructs a set of representations, starting from a description of the input image and culminating with a description of three-dimensional objects in the surrounding environment. A central theme, and one that has had far-reaching influence in both neuroscience and cognitive science, is the notion of different levels of analysis—in Marr's framework, the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the hardware implementation level. Now, thirty years later, the main problems that occupied Marr remain fundamental open problems in the study of perception. Vision provides inspiration for the continuing efforts to integrate knowledge from cognition and computation to understand vision and the brain.

Theories of Visual Attention - linking cognition, neuropsychology, and neurophysiology
Theories of Visual Attention - linking cognition, neuropsychology, and neurophysiology

Author: Søren Kyllingsbæk

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2015-09-02

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13: 2889196372

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The Neural Theory of Visual Attention of Bundesen, Habekost, and Kyllingsbæk (2005) was proposed as a neural interpretation of Bundesen’s (1990) theory of visual attention (TVA). In NTVA, visual attention functions via two mechanisms: by dynamic remapping of receptive fields of cortical cells such that more cells are devoted to behaviorally important objects than to less important ones (filtering) and by multiplicative scaling of the level of activation in cells coding for particular features (pigeonholing). NTVA accounts for a wide range of known attentional effects in human performance and a wide range of effects observed in firing rates of single cells in the primate visual system and thus provides a mathematical framework to unify the 2 fields of research. In this Research Topic of Frontiers in Psychology, some of the leading theories of visual attention at both the cognitive, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological levels are presented and evaluated. In addition, the Research Topic encompasses application of the framework of NTVA to various patient populations and to neuroimaging as well as genetic and psychopharmacological studies.

Visual Cognition
Visual Cognition

Author: Glyn W. Humphreys

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2021-12-24

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 1317716620

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Vision allows us to do many things. It enables us to perceive a world composed of meaningful objects and events. It enables us to track those events as they take place in front of our eyes. It enables us to read. It provides accurate spatial information for actions such as reaching for or avoiding objects. It provides colour and texture that can help us to separate objects from their background, and so forth. This book is concerned with understanding the processes that allow us to carry out these various visually driven behaviours. In the past ten years our understanding of visual processing has undergone a rapid change, primarily fostered by the convergence of computational, experimental and neuropsychological work on the topic. Visual Cognition provides the first major attempt to cover all aspects of this work within a single text. It provides a summary of research on visual information processing, relevant to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and research workers. It covers: seeing static forms, object recognition, dynamic vision (motion perception and visual masking), visual attention, visual memory, visual aspects of reading. For each topic, the relevant computational, experimental and neuropsychological work is integrated to provide a broader coverage than that of other texts.

Visual Attention and Cognition
Visual Attention and Cognition

Author: W.H. Zangemeister

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1996-09-23

Total Pages: 413

ISBN-13: 0080545033

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The goal of this book is to put together some of the main interdisciplinary aspects that play a role in visual attention and cognition. The book is aimed at researchers and students with interdisciplinary interest. In the first chapter a general discussion of the influential scanpath theory and its implications for human and robot vision is presented. Subsequently, four characteristic aspects of the general theme are dealt with in topical chapters, each of which presents some of the different viewpoints of the various disciplines involved. They cover neuropsychology, clinical neuroscience, modeling, and applications. Each of the chapters opens with a synopsis tying together the individual contributions.