A Basic Mathematical Model for Evacuation Problems in Urban Areas
Author: Sarah Bretschneider
Publisher:
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 62
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPosts
Mathematical Models for Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas
Author: Sarah Bretschneider
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-07-20
Total Pages: 209
ISBN-13: 364228759X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDisasters like floods, hurricanes, chemical or nuclear accidents may cause the necessity to evacuate the affected area. The evacuation of the urban area needs to be planned carefully. One issue is the reorganization of the traffic routing. Congested urban areas have usually complex street networks that are composed of many intersections with streets connecting them. The population density of a congested urban area is usually high and the street network is already used to capacity during rush hour traffic. The considered problem of this work is the reorganization of the traffic routing of an urban area for the case of an emergency mass evacuation. Especially aspects of the evacuation like safety, avoidance of delays and the total system travel time are taken into account. Combinatorial and graph theoretical aspects are adapted for the evacuation problem and highlight issues concerning especially conflicts within intersections. This work gives an extensive summary of literature of evacuation of urban areas. Mixed-integer linear programming models are developed for evacuation problems and heuristic algorithms are provided and tested.?
Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning
Author: Arab Naser
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-06-09
Total Pages: 121
ISBN-13: 1461421438
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIntelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning: A Modeling-Based Approach provides a new paradigm for evacuation planning strategies and techniques. Recently, evacuation planning and modeling have increasingly attracted interest among researchers as well as government officials. This interest stems from the recent catastrophic hurricanes and weather-related events that occurred in the southeastern United States (Hurricane Katrina and Rita). The evacuation methods that were in place before and during the hurricanes did not work well and resulted in thousands of deaths. This book offers insights into the methods and techniques that allow for implementing mathematical-based, simulation-based, and integrated optimization and simulation-based engineering approaches for evacuation planning.
A Systematic Literature Review on Mathematical Models of Humanitarian Logistics
Author: Ibrahim M. Hezam
Publisher: Infinite Study
Published:
Total Pages: 35
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKHumanitarian logistics (HL) is considered one of the most significant issues of disaster operations and management. Thus, HL operation should be viable enough to function well under the uncertain and complex nature of the disaster. Many difficulties in pre-and post-disaster phases bring both human and economic losses. Therefore, it is essential to make sure that the HL operations are designed efficiently. In the last two decades, several publications have emphasized efficient HL operations and proposed several mathematical models and algorithms to increase the efficiency of HL operations and motivated the necessity of a systematic literature review. A systematic literature review is deemed pertinent due to its transparent and detailed article searching procedure. In this study, due to the importance of the mathematical optimization model, we reviewed more than one hundred articles published between 2000 and 2020 to investigate the optimization models in the field of HL.We classified the optimization models into three main problems: facility location problems, relief distribution, and mass evacuation where each of the classified areas includes both deterministic and non-deterministic models.
Robust Evacuation Planning for Urban Areas
Author: Marc Maiwald
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Published: 2017-10-17
Total Pages: 194
ISBN-13: 3744871215
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn evacuation planning the capacities of the street network are usually assumed as in daily-traffic. However, such rare and unique situations induce disaster-related or traffic-related factors which affect the capacities of the street network negatively. This work focuses on a new robust evacuation concept in order to reduce the effects of such random capacity disruptions.
A Mathematical Evacuation Model
Author: S. D. Stearns
Publisher:
Published: 1963
Total Pages: 38
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe mathematical model discussed in this report is meant to be applicable to the problem of planning "optimum" strategic evacuations, in the sense that expected nuclear attack casualties to a given population are minimized. In the model, an "attack area" is divided into sectors. Within each sector, the vulnerability of personnel in various categories representing varying degrees of protection is specified, along with the maximum number of occupants allowed in each category. The allowed movements between sectors must also be specified. The principle problem discussed is that of determining an evacuation plan for a given attack area which minimizes the expected number of post-attack casualties. A linear program for deriving optimum evacuation plans is described, and examples of its operation are given.
Pedestrian Dynamics
Author: Pushkin Kachroo
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2018-10-03
Total Pages: 169
ISBN-13: 1439805202
DOWNLOAD EBOOKHomeland security, transportation, and city planning depend upon well-designed evacuation routes. You can’t wait until the day of to realize your plan won’t work. Designing successful evacuation plans requires an in-depth understanding of models and control designs for the problems of traffic flow, construction and road closures, and the intangible human factors. Pedestrian Dynamics: Mathematical Theory and Evacuation Control clearly delineates the derivation of mathematical models for pedestrian dynamics and how to use them to design feedback controls for evacuations. The book includes: Mathematical models derived from basic principles Mathematical analysis of the model Details of past work MATLAB® code 65 figures and 400 equations Unlike most works on traffic flow, this book examines the development of optimal methods to effectively control and improve pedestrian traffic flow. The work of a leading expert, it examines the differential equations applied to conservation laws encountered in the study of pedestrian dynamics and evacuation control problem. The author presents new pedestrian traffic models for multi-directional flow in two dimensions. He considers a range of control models in various simulations, including relaxed models and those concerned with direction and magnitude velocity commands. He also addresses questions of time, cost, and scalability. The book clearly demonstrates what the future challenges are and provides the tools to meet them.
Crowd Dynamics, Volume 1
Author: Livio Gibelli
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2019-01-22
Total Pages: 298
ISBN-13: 3030051293
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume explores the complex problems that arise in the modeling and simulation of crowd dynamics in order to present the state-of-the-art of this emerging field and contribute to future research activities. Experts in various areas apply their unique perspectives to specific aspects of crowd dynamics, covering the topic from multiple angles. These include a demonstration of how virtual reality may solve dilemmas in collecting empirical data; a detailed study on pedestrian movement in smoke-filled environments; a presentation of one-dimensional conservation laws with point constraints on the flux; a collection of new ideas on the modeling of crowd dynamics at the microscopic scale; and others. Applied mathematicians interested in crowd dynamics, pedestrian movement, traffic flow modeling, urban planning, and other topics will find this volume a valuable resource. Additionally, researchers in social psychology, architecture, and engineering may find this information relevant to their work.
Handbook of OR/MS Models in Hazardous Materials Transportation
Author: Rajan Batta
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-06-06
Total Pages: 297
ISBN-13: 1461467942
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation defines hazardous materials (hazmat) as a substance or material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or property when transported in commerce. Hazmat accidents can result in significant impact to the population (death, injuries) and damage to the environment (destroyed or damaged buildings and infrastructure). Further, hazmat, especially explosive materials, can potentially be used by terrorists to attack civilians or to destroy critical infrastructure. This handbook provides models from Operations Research and Management Science that study various activities involving hazmat transportation: risk assessment, route planning, location decisions, evacuation planning, and emergency planning for terrorist attacks. There are two important research areas in hazmat transportation that are widely studied in the literature: risk assessment and shipment planning. In the risk assessment area, important issues include measurement of accident probabilities and consequences in hazmat transport. Example works in the risk assessment area include modeling risk probability distribution over given areas, considering hazmat types and transport modes, and environmental conditions. The first half of this handbook covers the two fields of risk assessment and shipment planning, while the second half of this handbook provides useful models and insights on other important issues including location problems for undesirable facilities, network interdiction, terrorist attack, and evacuation.
City Evacuations: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Author: John Preston
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2014-08-01
Total Pages: 134
ISBN-13: 3662438771
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEvacuating a city is a complex problem that involves issues of governance, preparedness education, warning, information sharing, population dynamics, resilience and recovery. As natural and anthropogenic threats to cities grow, it is an increasingly pressing problem for policy makers and practitioners. The book is the result of a unique interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers in the physical and social sciences to consider how an interdisciplinary approach can help plan for large scale evacuations. It draws on perspectives from physics, mathematics, organisation theory, economics, sociology and education. Importantly it goes beyond disciplinary boundaries and considers how interdisciplinary methods are necessary to approach a complex problem involving human actors and increasingly complex communications and transportation infrastructures. Using real world case studies and modelling the book considers new approaches to evacuation dynamics. It addresses questions of complexity, not only in terms of theory, but examining the latest challenges for cities and emergency responders. Factors such as social media, information quality and visualisation techniques are examined to consider the ‘new’ dynamics of warning and informing, evacuation and recovery.
