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Author: Tracy Nelson Maurer
Publisher: Lerner Publications
Published: 2016-09-01
Total Pages: 44
ISBN-13: 1512410756
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWant to know just how tall Mount Everest is? Or what the city of Denver's elevation is? Then look at a topographic map! These maps use lines to show the height and shape of Earth's surface. But how do you read the lines? And what other features do these maps have? Read on to learn the ins and outs of topographic maps!
Author: Marc M. Van Hulle
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Published: 2000-02
Total Pages: 296
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA new perspective on topographic map formation and the advantages of information-based learning The study of topographic map formation provides us with important tools for both biological modeling and statistical data modeling. Faithful Representations and Topographic Maps offers a unified, systematic survey of this rapidly evolving field, focusing on current knowledge and available techniques for topographic map formation. The author presents a cutting-edge, information-based learning strategy for developing equiprobabilistic topographic maps--that is, maps in which all neurons have an equal probability to be active--clearly demonstrating how this approach yields faithful representations and how it can be successfully applied in such areas as density estimation, regression, clustering, and feature extraction. The book begins with the standard approach of distortion-based learning, discussing the commonly used Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm and other algorithms, and pointing out their inadequacy for developing equiprobabilistic maps. It then examines the advantages of information-based learning techniques, and finally introduces a new algorithm for equiprobabilistic topographic map formation using neurons with kernel-based response characteristics. The complete learning algorithms and simulation details are given throughout, along with comparative performance analysis tables and extensive references. Faithful Representations and Topographic Maps is an excellent, eye-opening guide for neural network researchers, industrial scientists involved in data mining, and anyone interested in self-organization and topographic maps.
Author: Don J. Easterbrook
Publisher:
Published: 1999
Total Pages: 212
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe intent is to develop the users ability to interpret the landforms on any map or aerial photo. Assuming that the user has a basic understanding of topographic maps, aerial photographs, map symbols, contour lines, topographic profiles, and geologic cross-sections, questions are posed to foster a mental process in problem solving. Includes topographic maps that show the contour interval in feet as well as an appendix (Appendix A) of map name, location, scale, and contour interval for each exercise. Geologists, geology students and teachers focusing on Geomorphology.
Author: Schuyler Erle
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Published: 2005-06-09
Total Pages: 564
ISBN-13: 1491951656
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSince the dawn of creation, man has designed maps to help identify the space that we occupy. From Lewis and Clark's pencil-sketched maps of mountain trails to Jacques Cousteau's sophisticated charts of the ocean floor, creating maps of the utmost precision has been a constant pursuit. So why should things change now?Well, they shouldn't. The reality is that map creation, or "cartography," has only improved in its ease-of-use over time. In fact, with the recent explosion of inexpensive computing and the growing availability of public mapping data, mapmaking today extends all the way to the ordinary PC user.Mapping Hacks, the latest page-turner from O'Reilly Press, tackles this notion head on. It's a collection of one hundred simple--and mostly free--techniques available to developers and power users who want draw digital maps or otherwise visualize geographic data. Authors Schuyler Erle, Rich Gibson, and Jo Walsh do more than just illuminate the basic concepts of location and cartography, they walk you through the process one step at a time.Mapping Hacks shows you where to find the best sources of geographic data, and then how to integrate that data into your own map. But that's just an appetizer. This comprehensive resource also shows you how to interpret and manipulate unwieldy cartography data, as well as how to incorporate personal photo galleries into your maps. It even provides practical uses for GPS (Global Positioning System) devices--those touch-of-a-button street maps integrated into cars and mobile phones. Just imagine: If Captain Kidd had this technology, we'd all know where to find his buried treasure!With all of these industrial-strength tips and tools, Mapping Hacks effectively takes the sting out of the digital mapmaking and navigational process. Now you can create your own maps for business, pleasure, or entertainment--without ever having to sharpen a single pencil.
Author:
Publisher: Enslow Publishing, LLC
Published: 2017-12-15
Total Pages: 26
ISBN-13: 0766092216
DOWNLOAD EBOOKYou are planning a huge bike trip, so how can you find out where the mountains and flat lands are? Zoom in on a topographic map to find out. This graphic-heavy and instructive book introduces the reader to the basics of using topographic maps. They are introduced to the way elevations and contours of the land are shown on maps, and how to read the details shown on these maps. A follow-up activity encourages readers to use a contour map to plan a camping trip.
Author: John N. Hatzopoulos
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Published: 2024-10-01
Total Pages: 804
ISBN-13: 1627344853
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book is addressed to students and professionals, and it is aimed to cover as much as possible the broader region of topographic mapping as it has evolved into a modern field called geospatial information science and technology. More emphasis is placed on using scientific methods and tools materialized in algorithms and software to produce practical results. For this reason, beyond the written material, there are also many educational and professional software programs written by the first author to help comprehend the individual methodologies developed. The Target of this book is to provide the people who work in fields of applications of topographic mapping (environment, geology, geography, cartography, engineering, geotechnical, agriculture, forestry, geointelligence, etc.) a source of knowledge for the broader region so that to help them in facing relevant problems as well as in preparing contracts and specifications for such type of work assigned to professionals and evaluating such contracting results. It also aims to be a reference for theory and practice for professionals in Topographic Mapping. This book applies a didactics method where, with a relatively small effort, someone can digest a large volume of simple or complicated knowledge material at a desirable scientific depth within a relatively short time interval. The objective that educated people must be "smarter than the machine" and not treat the machine as a "black box" being "button pushers" has been achieved through the first author's experience in the USA and Greece, with relative success by adopting this didactics technique. There are 14 chapters, including Reference systems and Projections, Topographic instruments and Geometry of coordinates, Conventional construction of a topographic map, Design and reproduction of a thematic map, Digital Topographic mapping - GIS, Digital Terrain Models (DTM / DEM), GPS/GNSS, methods of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, new technologies LIDAR, IFSAR, Augmented reality, Mapping with UAS/UAV/Drones, the method of Least Squares adjustment, and Description of educational software accompanying the text.
Author: Geological Survey (U.S.)
Publisher:
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 252
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Russell Helms
Publisher: Menasha Ridge Press
Published: 2011-06-15
Total Pages: 97
ISBN-13: 0897327772
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFor about $150 anyone can access the United States' multi-billion dollar GPS program. Using GPS Outdoors: A Practical Guide for Hikers, Bikers, Paddlers, and Climbers shows readers how to plug in and enhance most any outdoor experience. Whether a hiker on a weekend trip through the Great Smokies, a backpacker cruising the Continental Divide Trail, a mountain biker kicking up dust in Moab, a paddler running the Lewis and Clark bicentennial route, or a climber pre-scouting the routes up Mount Shasta, a simple handheld GPS unit is fun, useful, and can even be a lifesaver. Described in conjunction with today's most popular GPS software, easy to understand information enables readers to: - Plan a trip - Navigate along a route - Gather data from the outing - Analyze trip data after the trip Information is power, and a GPS unit is today's preferred tool to harness the power of navigational technology for a more enjoyable, more informative, and possibly safer outdoor experience.
Author: Jürgen Döllner
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2018-06-07
Total Pages: 454
ISBN-13: 3319724347
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book gathers various perspectives on modern map production. Its primary focus is on the new paradigm of “sharing and reuse,” which is based on decentralized, service-oriented access to spatial data sources. Service-Oriented Mapping is one of the main paradigms used to embed big data and distributed sources in modern map production, without the need to own the sources. To be stable and reliable, this architecture requires specific frameworks, tools and procedures. In addition to the technological structures, organizational aspects and geographic information system (GIS) capabilities provide powerful tools to make modern geoinformation management successful. Addressing a range of aspects, including the implementation of the semantic web in geoinformatics, using big data for geospatial visualization, standardization initiatives, and the European spatial data infrastructure, the book offers a comprehensive introduction to decentralized map production. .
Author: P. D. A. Harvey
Publisher: Thames & Hudson
Published: 1980-01-01
Total Pages: 199
ISBN-13:
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